WITH TEN YEARS' EFFORT THE SWORD EDGE IS GRINDED SHARP,AFTER THE COLD WINTER PLUM FLOWER BLOSSOMS-A REVIEW OF CHINA TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION COMPETITION

全国空间轨道设计竞赛(China Trajectory Optimization Competition, 简称 CTOC)依托中国力学学会,自2009年创办以来,至今已经成功举办了十届。经过十年来的不懈努力,CTOC为国内各高校及研究机构提供了空间轨道设计与优化研究的交流平台,既为我国的空间探索与应用领域选拔和储备了后备人才,又为该领域的工程实践提供了知识储备。本文以时间为主线,回顾了全国空间轨道设计竞赛十年来的发展历程以及所取得的成效,归纳总结了该竞赛的主要特色与创新。     

直冷电冰箱制冷循环分析

分析了直冷电冰箱单路、双路、多路循环及双机、双级制冷循环,进行了系统匹配性、市场占有率、成本及其COP值比较。针对双路循环存在的频繁开停机现象,提出了完善控制方式及采用双稳态电磁阀的变温技术。变温室蒸发器与冷冻室蒸发器串联,其前串联双稳态电磁阀2,并在变温室蒸发器上并联双稳态电磁阀1,据变温室温度设定改变双稳态电磁阀通断实现两个循环支路交替制冷。冷藏室温度控制压缩机启停,变温室温度仅控制双稳态电磁阀通断,实现切换制冷剂流向目的。应用该循环方式及相关措施研制的BCD-188CH直冷电冰箱最大负荷日耗电0.38度,变温情况下耗电在0.35度以下,最低达0.31度。     

表面电化学和电化学催化研究进展——97'国际电化学联合大会和97'国际表面电化学会议综述

表面电化学和电化学催化研究进展①——９７＇国际电化学联合大会和９７＇国际表面电化学会议综述孙世刚（厦门大学化学系,固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室厦门３６１００５）表面电化学和电化学催化是当前极为活跃的研究领域．这首先得益于近年来各种物理和光谱技术的飞...     

超价化合物

超价分子和离子是一类奇特而迷人的物种,它们的出现对经典的Ｌｅｗｉｓ－Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ主族元素价层成键理论提出了挑战。本文从超价化合物的发展史、定义、理论描述、表示方法、合成、稳定性、周期性变化、光谱表征等方面对超价化合物进行了较详细的论述。     

Π delocalisation in 1,3-butadiene: a nonempirical molecular orbital study

A value of −0.33 eV or −7.6 kcal mol⁻¹ has been obtained for the vertical delocalisation energy of trans-1,3-butadiene from a nonempirical molecular orbital calculation on the π system. The result agrees well enough with ab initio calculations to suggest that a simplified approach need not be semiempirical. In a basis of orthogonalised atomic orbitals the central bond order is found to be 0.295 (Hückel value 0.447) for the delocalised structure and 0.125 for the localised (Hückel value zero). Core resonance integrals between neighbouring atoms, the analogues of Hückel's β, have theoretical values of −3.9 and −3.2 eV compared with −3.6 eV in benzene. Received: 11 May 1999 / Accepted: 22 July 1999 / Published online: 2 November 1999     

后向散射式路道能见度激光测量仪的研究

后向散射式跑道能见度激光测量仪主要由光学发射与接收系统、信号放大与处理系统及显示系统三部分组成。其中,光学发射与接收系统主要包括：Ｎｄ ：ＹＡＧ 激光器、倍频器、准直镜、扩束镜、光学接收镜头、截止滤光片、窄带干涉滤光片及光电转换系统等;信号放大与处理系统主要包括：小信号放大电路、延时电路、采样保持电路、多路模拟开关、模 数转换电路及８０３１ 单片机等;显示系统主要由数字显示器、打印机及接口电路等组成。介绍了该测量仪的工作原理、基本结构和主要技术指标,讨论了其中的技术难点及其相应的解决方法。     

波导短程透镜的优化理论设计研究

本文给出了非球面短程透镜的优化理论设计。卷边与平面波导连接处的曲率半径为无限大,卷边与实际透镜连接处的曲率半径为较大的有限值。完善了短程透镜的一般解析法。     

GFAAS中理论原子化效率与原子化温度的关系的研究

本文在有效地控制和消除基体干扰的基础上 ,探讨了Ag ,As,Au ,Bi,Cd ,Co ,Cr,Cu ,Fe ,Ga,Hg ,Mn ,Mo ,Ni,Sb ,Pb和V元素的理论原子化效率与原子化温度的关系。研究表明 :元素的理论原子化效率是原子化温度的函数 ,在一定的原子化温度范围内 ,理论原子化效率与原子化温度呈线性递增关系 ,对研究的十八个元素其线性的相关系数在 0 994 0～ 0 9993之间 ,且斜率大部分在 0 0 6～ 0 0 7之间 ,说明在一定的原子化温度范围内 ,理论原子化效率随原子化温度变化的斜率是相近的。     

Theoretical study of the potential-energy surface of C2NP

 The B3LYP/6-311G(d) and CCSD(T)/6-311G(2df) (single-point) methods have been used to investigate the singlet potential energy surface of C₂NP, in which seven stationary isomers and seventeen interconversion transition states are involved. At the final CCSD(T)/6-311G(2df)//B3LYP6-311G(d) level with zero-point vibrational energy correction the lowest-lying isomer is a linear NCCP followed by two linear CNCP isomers at 23.9  and CCNP at 65.8 kcal mol⁻¹, respectively. The three isomers are kinetically very stable towards both isomerization and dissociation, and CCNP is even more kinetically stable than CNCP – by 14.3 kcal mol⁻¹ despite its high energy. Further comparative calculations were performed at the QCISD and QCISD(T) levels with the 6-311G(d) and 6-311G(2d) basis sets to obtain more reliable structures and spectroscopy for the three isomers. The calculated bond lengths, rotational constant, and dipole moment for NCCP were in close agreement with the experimentally determined values. Finally, similarities and discrepancies between the potential energy surface of C₂NP and those of the analogous species C₂N₂ and C₂P₂ were compared. The results presented in this paper might be helpful for future identification of the two still unknown yet kinetically very stable isomers CNCP and CCNP, both in the laboratory and in interstellar space. Received: 3 January 2001 / Accepted: 6 June 2001 / Published online: 30 October 2001     

海藻酸钙凝胶微球粒径的理论计算与实验

通过静电液滴发生器制备海藻酸钙凝胶微球,通过理论推导得到了微球粒径的计算公式.理论计算的结果表明,凝胶微球粒径的大小取决于静电压、电极距离、针头内径大小、注射器流速、海藻酸钠粘度和表面张力以及凝胶化体积收缩系数.理论计算结果与实验结果吻合得相当好.