Iron chelating agents for the treatment of iron overload

The importance of iron chelators in medicine has significantly increased in recent years. Iron is essential for life but it is also potentially more toxic than other trace elements. This is because we lack effective means to protect human cells against iron overload and because of the role of iron in the generation of free radicals. In order to protect patients from the consequences of iron toxicity, iron chelating agents have been introduced in clinical practice. Unfortunately, the ideal chelator for treating iron overload in humans has not been identified yet. In this paper we examine a few characteristics of iron chelators, with some emphasis on the effects of redox cycling, on absorption mechanisms and on some properties of the pFe. A brief summary is then made of the chelators recently proposed or in development for the treatment of iron overload.     

微波辐射技术在1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷四乙酸合成中的应用

应用微波技术合成了1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷四乙酸的关键中间体———1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷盐酸盐。与传统的实验方法相比,该方法反应时间缩短了4 000倍且收率从70%增至88%。     

利用钴-氨基硫脲类配合物作为氧化还原催化剂光分解水制备氢气

通过将磷配体与氨基硫脲结合进一步增加螯合配体的配位能力,并引入磺酸根增强其水溶性,合成了一个钴配合物Co-NSP(配体HNSP:4-[2-(2-二苯基膦-苯烯基)-氨基硫脲腙] 苯甲酸),利用其氧化还原特性开展均相体系的光驱动从水中制备氢气的研究.新的NSP三齿配体能够稳定低价的金属中心,有助于提升催化剂的催化性能.利用其与荧光素所构筑的光催化体系,在电子牺牲剂三乙胺存在下显示出良好的性能,光照6 h其TON(turnover number)可达2 000 mol H₂每摩尔催化剂.为了研究和比较其性能特点,对这一光催化体系的 荧光滴定和氧化还原性能也进行了较细致的研究.     

DTC类重金属捕集剂对Cu~(2+)去除的实验研究

以乙二胺、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳等为原料,在常温下合成一种橘红色的液体产品DTC-E,经测定,其主要有效成分为二硫代氨基甲酸盐(DTC类).以模拟含铜废水为处理对象,系统考察了反应体系各因素对DTC-E捕集去除游离态Cu2+效果的影响,并将其应用于实际电镀含铜废水的处理以进行验证.研究结果表明,DTC-E对反应体系的pH值适用范围(4~12)较广;最佳反应pH值和DTC-E投加量分别为8.0和1.0倍化学计量比(DTC∶Cu2+);絮凝剂的存在能够显著增强DTC-E对游离Cu2+的捕集去除效果;相比之下,反应体系的温度和反应时间对游离Cu2+的去除效率影响很小.     

铀污染土壤的植物修复研究

核工业的发展, 导致重金属铀的排放和扩散, 造成了地表土壤的污染, 对社会和环境造成了很大的影响, 如何修复被铀污染的土壤成为了一个难题, 近年发展起来的植物修复技术以其成本低廉、安全、环保的特点成为修复被铀污染的土壤的新选择. 寻找理想的超富集植物是这一技术的基础和关键之所在, 通过实验模拟铀污染土壤(土壤中铀的浓度为1.00×10² mg•kg^－1), 选取分属8种科目的19种植物去修复, 选出了几种对铀的修复性能较好的本土植物, 实验表明四季香油麦菜的生物累积系数(Bioconcentration factors, BFS)和生物转移系数(Translocation factors, TFS)都大于3, 且地上部分铀的富集浓度高达1.67×10³ mg•kg^－1, 可以作为铀的超富集植物, 四川沿阶草、四季豆、扁竹兰、吊兰几种本土植物对铀污染的土壤具有潜在的修复能力, 借助于基因工程、联合修复或添加土壤改良剂有望使其转变为对铀的超积累植物.     

Design of end-on cyanato bridged trinuclear Cu(II) Schiff base complex with salen type Schiff base ligand: synthesis,structural investigation and DFT study

One ONNO-donor tetradentate Schiff base ligand LH₂ was derived from the condensation of salicylaldehyde and 1,3-diaminopropane and reacted with Cu(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and NaNCO to yield one trinuclear complex with molecular formula [Cu₃L₂(µ_1,1-NCO)₂]. The synthesized complex was characterized by IR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrochemical analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction study explores that the two terminal copper atoms adopt square pyramidal geometry, whereas the central copper atom situated at the inversion center is surrounded by four phenoxo oxygens and two end-on cyanato anions to adopt an octahedral geometry. The ONNO-tetradentate Schiff base ligand coordinates with the copper(II) ion via two oxygen atoms of the phenoxo-group and two nitrogen atoms from the imine moiety. A theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also carried out to supplement the experimental results. All the DFT calculations were done in gas phase.     

Photoreduction of Terrigenous Fe‐Humic Substances Leads to Bioavailable Iron in Oceans

Humic substances (HS) are important iron chelators responsible for the transport of iron from freshwater systems to the open sea, where iron is essential for marine organisms. Evidence suggests that iron complexed to HS comprises the bulk of the iron ligand pool in near‐coastal waters and shelf seas. River‐derived HS have been investigated to study their transport to, and dwell in oceanic waters. A library of iron model compounds and river‐derived Fe‐HS samples were probed in a combined X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and valence‐to‐core X‐ray emission spectroscopy (VtC‐XES) study at the Fe K‐edge. The analyses performed revealed that iron complexation in HS samples is only dependent on oxygen‐containing HS functional groups, such as carboxyl and phenol. The photoreduction mechanism of Fe^III‐HS in oceanic conditions into bioavailable aquatic Fe^II forms, highlights the importance of river‐derived HS as an iron source for marine organisms. Consequently, such mechanisms are a vital component of the upper‐ocean iron biogeochemistry cycle.     

Synthesis of uranium complexes incorporating extended azo-imine ligands: Molecular and electronic structure

The new azo-imine ligands 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-((2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl) phenylimino)methyl)phenol, H₂L¹, 1a, and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-((2-((2-hydroxyphenyl) diazenyl)p-chlorophenylimino)phenol, H₂L², 1b, were prepared. Reaction of H₂L¹;1a, and H₂L²;1b, with uranyl nitrate hexahydrate afforded the mononuclear complexes of compositions [U(O)₂(L¹)(H₂O)]; 2a, and [U(O)₂(L²)(H₂O)]; 2b, complexes respectively. The newly synthesised ligands (1a and 1b) and the complexes (2a and 2b) were characterised unequivocally. The x-ray structure of 2a was determined. The tetradentate dianionic ligand (L¹)^2- coordinated the uranium ion equatorially with a water molecule in the same plane. Two axially coordinated oxo ligands completed the overall pentagonal bipyramid geometry around U(VI) ion. Structural pattern, electron transfer properties (oxidation near 1.32 ​V vs Ag/AgCl) and electronic transitions of [U(O)₂(L¹)(H₂O)]; 2a, and [U(O)₂(L²)(H₂O)]; 2b have been rationalized by DFT calculations.     

Half sandwich platinum group metal complexes containing tetradentate N-donor ligand bearing two pyrazolyl-pyridine units linked by an aromatic spacer

Reaction of the bis-bidentate ligand, 1,3-bis((3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene (NN∩NN), containing two chelating pyrazolyl-pyridine units connected by an aromatic spacer with platinum group metal complexes results in a series of cationic binuclear complexes, [(η⁶-arene)₂Ru₂(NN∩NN)Cl₂]²⁺ (arene = C₆H₆, 1; p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me, 2; C₆Me₆, 3), [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂M₂(NN∩NN)Cl₂]²⁺ (M = Rh, 4; Ir, 5), [(η⁵-C₅H₅)₂M₂(NN∩NN)(PPh₃)₂]²⁺ (M = Ru, 6; Os, 7), [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂Ru₂(NN∩NN)(PPh₃)₂]²⁺ (8) and [(η⁵-C₉H₇)₂Ru₂(NN∩NN)(PPh₃)₂]²⁺ (9). All these complexes have been isolated as their hexafluorophosphate salts and fully characterized by use of a combination of NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The solid state structures of three complexes, [2][PF₆]₂, [4][PF₆]₂ and [6][PF₆]₂, has been determined by X-ray crystallographic studies.     

Selective synthesis of monomeric or dimeric titanatranes via fine tuning in triethanolateamine ligand

Monomeric titanatrane i-PrOTi(OCMe₂CH₂)₃N (1) and dimeric titanatranes [i-PrOTi(OCH₂CH₂)_nN(CH₂CMe₂O)_3−n]₂ (n = 1, 2; n = 2, 3) were synthesized by the reaction of Ti(O-i-Pr)₄ with a series of triethanolateamines such as (OCH₂CH₂)_nN(CH₂CMe₂O)_3−n³⁻ (n = 0, Lig¹; n = 1, Lig²; n = 2, Lig³), which vary by the number of CMe₂ groups adjacent to a OH functionality from 3 (Lig¹H₃) to 2 (Lig²H₃) to 1 (Lig³H₃). The resultant titanatranes 1–3 have been characterized by solution ¹H and ¹³C{¹H} NMR and their solid state structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Whereas compound 1 is monomeric in the solid state, compounds 2 and 3 are dimeric, due to the reduction of the steric congestion in the vicinity of the Ti.