Model-based measurement uncertainty evaluation,with applications in testing

Basic concepts and implementations of the model-based approach to uncertainty evaluation are discussed. One implementation is that of the law of propagation of uncertainty with the use of the central limit theorem as recommended in the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). Another is the propagation of distributions, the subject of a supplemental guide to the GUM, which is at an advanced stage of development. It falls in the category of other analytical and numerical methods indicated in the GUM. Two testing applications are used to illustrate the principles: tennis-ball rebound and tensile strength.

Relative sensitization efficiency of fluorescent probes/sensitizers for monitoring and acceleration of cationic photopolymerization of monomers

The performance of a series of 1-amino-2,6-dicyano-3,5-diphenylbenzene derivatives (i.e., meta-terphenyls) as fluorescent molecular probes for monitoring cationic photopolymerization of monomers by the Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) was studied. It was found that the m-terphenyls accelerate the cationic photopolymerization initiated with diphenyliodonium photoinitiators at the wavelength where the photoinitiator alone does not work. Consequently, application of the m-terphenyls in a dual role: (a) as fluorescent probes for monitoring the cationic polymerization progress, and (b) as long-wavelength sensitizers for diphenyliodonium photoinitiators is proposed. Next, a precise method for determination of relative sensitization efficiency of the sensitizers has been devised and applied for evaluation of the performance of the m-terphenyl sensitizers in comparison to that of a commercial sensitizer: 2,4-diethyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one.     

重复采样试验设计的检验效能及其应用

本文探讨了单组重复采样设计及配对重复采样设计的检验效能和相应样本含量的估计 ,并在相同检验效能的条件下建立了重复采样资料 (非独立样本 )与单一测量资料 (独立样本 )间样本含量的关系式。以实例分析 ,其结果与实际相符合。     

A No-washing Point-of-Care Electrochemical Biosensor Based on CuS Nanoparticles for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Neuron-specific Enolase

Electrochemical biosensors have made outstanding achievements in recent years. However, the single pursuit of sensitivity and accuracy sometimes cannot meet the detection requirements and achieve high-efficiency measurements. Therefore, no-washing biosensors have more practical advantages. In this work, a disposable point-of-care (POC) electrochemical biosensor was designed for the sensitive and fast detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Fe₃O₄ and CuS nanoparticles were used as the substrate material for capturing Ab₁ and the signal probe for labeling Ab₂ respectively. The disposable syringe filter was introduced into the determination procedure for simple sample separation, which easily realized no-washing detection. Due to the syringe filters with 200 nm pore diameter could only allow the small nanoparticles of CuS−Ab₂ pass through, the large-sized immunocomplex of Fe₃O₄−Ab₁/NSE/CuS−Ab₂ were blocked on the membrane. The uncombined CuS−Ab₂ particles were pushed out from the syringe and would occur electron transfer between Cu²⁺ and Cu⁺ to generate a current signal detected by the Au electrode. Under optimal conditions, the no-washing biosensor shows a wide linear concentration range (100 fg mL⁻¹∼50 ng mL⁻¹) with the limit of detection of 33 fg mL⁻¹ (S/N=3). Additionally, the biosensor exhibited excellent selectivity, storage stability and reproducibility. The outstanding advantages of the no-washing biosensor make it more suitable for POC testing.     

中红外及近红外光谱在小杂粮品质检测中的应用进展

中红外光谱以及近红外光谱在现代分析化学中有重要的地位,是人类认识物质结构、功能、成分以及含量的重要途径。小杂粮泛指生育期短、种植面积少、种植地区和种植方法特殊,有特种用途的多种粮豆,其特点是小、少、特、杂。小杂粮营养丰富,既是传统口粮,又是保健食品资源。随着人民生活水平的提高和膳食结构的改善,小杂粮作为药食同源的新型食品资源,在现代绿色保健食品中占有重要地位。对小杂粮进行品质检测可为小杂粮生物活性物质研究、品质分级、小杂粮育种、产地溯源与真伪鉴别等方面提供可靠的数据支撑。按照麦类小杂粮及豆类小杂粮分类,对国内近30年来小杂粮品质检测有关文献加以综述。研究表明,麦类小杂粮品质检测文献更多,约占文献数量的2/3左右,且以近红外光谱技术应用居多;豆类小杂粮品质检测文献相对较少,约占文献数量的1/3左右,且以中红外光谱技术应用居多。中红外光谱、近红外光谱在小杂粮品质检测分析方面有诸多重要应用。其中,中红外光谱更多应用于小杂粮中活性物质以及小杂粮加工过程的表征,而近红外光谱则更多应用于小杂粮中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分等主要品质指标的定量分析检测,可为小杂粮品质监测、科学育种提供高效的数据来源。近年来,随着化学计量学的发展和计算机技术的进步,近红外光谱不再局限于小杂粮品质指标定量分析,而且还被应用于小杂粮产地溯源等领域,亦取得了良好的效果。最后对中红外光谱、近红外光谱在小杂粮品质无损分析检测方面做出了展望。     

高通量研磨-X射线荧光光谱法测定不同植源性食品中硒含量北大核心

为了提高食品的样品检验效率,采用高通量研磨制备样品,利用X射线荧光光谱法对食品中硒含量进行检测。重点研究了样品含水率、样品颗粒粒径、研磨条件、检测条件等因素对检测结果的影响。结果表明:样品干基含水量小于20%,样品颗粒粒径小于100μm;高通量研磨条件为装样量3 g,频率30 Hz,研磨3 min;高精度X射线荧光光谱仪检测条件为检装样量0.2 g,PP膜压紧,检测90 s时的情况下,硒的检出限0.01 mg/kg,仪器的精密度小于5%,与粉碎法进行对比,相对偏差在-10.37%~8.05%。说明高通量研磨-X射线荧光光谱法检测食品中硒含量的方法快速、准确,可以满足批量样品现场检测分析需求。     

软件模块测试中的动态资源分配问题

为有效利用测度过程中投入的测试资源,提高测试效率,本文考虑将测试过程为多个阶段并为各个阶段动态分配测试资源的方法,为此提出两种动态分配测试资源模型,当测试资源总数一定时,测试约束时各软件模块中剩余错误平均数量小的模型;当给定测试约束时各软件模块中剩余错误平均数要达到的预定指标时,所用的测试资源最少的模型。     

Detection of fatigue damage in steel using laser speckle

We investigated a method to detect fatigue damage of steels without contact using laser speckle. In the earlier stage of fatigue in steels, slipbands appear on the surface and microscopic shear strain is stored in the slipbands. The slipbands appear more densely with progress of fatigue damage. When a laser illuminates the surface of the fatigued steel, light intensity distribution of the laser speckle pattern formed by the reflected light changes with the change of surface properties caused by slipbands. It has been clarified that the width of the speckle pattern broadens corresponding to spatial frequency distribution of the surface profile and thus it is presumed that speckle pattern broadens with increase of slipband density. This shows that we can detect fatigue damage by observing the laser speckle pattern on material surface. The method presented in this paper is based on this phenomenon. We observed change of the speckle pattern during fatigue loading under constant stress amplitude using a steel specimen and the relation between speckle pattern, number of loading cycles and also magnitude of loading was considered. We investigated the possibility of detection of fatigue damage using this method and also proposed a method to estimate fatigue life by observing change tendency of the speckle pattern depending on the number of loading cycles in the earlier stage of fatigue before crack initiation.     

Electrochemical Nanobiosensors as Point-of-Care Testing Solution to Cytokines Measurement Limitations

Most cytokines are present at reduced amounts in body fluids due to their biological features of production, release, and action mechanisms. The required time between sampling and their measurement is critical for diagnosis and treatment. Electrochemical nanobiosensors offer the possibility to be tailor-made and cost affordable, producing direct and rapid readouts with low sample volume, explaining their feasibility in timely measurements and potential in designing unique and multiplexed Point-Of-Care (POC) testing platforms. This review summarizes and discusses the measurement limitations of the standard methods and the recent progress on electrochemical nanobiosensors as a plausible alternative to measuring them.     

Solitary waves for Non-Destructive Testing applications: Delayed nonlinear time reversal signal processing optimization

An original signal processing method called delayed Time Reversal-Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy is introduced in the present paper. The method could be used to amplify signal in certain regions of the material under Non Destructive Testing. It allows to optimize and change the shape of the received focused wave in the material, either by making the focusing sharper by decreasing the side lobes or making it wider by modifying the actual focusing peak. It is also possible to use the focused signal as a delta-basis to construct a signal with arbitrary envelope or reduce the side lobes of the focused signal. These concepts are shown to work well in the simulations and the physical experiments. This signal processing method is particularly promising for nonlinear and solitary wave analysis, since it allows to create an interaction of sharp and solitary wave peaks just underneath the receiving transducer. Due to simple and accurate linear prediction of the received interaction signal, any differences of measurements and predictions could indicate the presence of nonlinearities.