热致液晶共聚酯对聚丙烯结晶的诱导作用

用差示扫描量热法和光学解偏振法研究了热致液晶性芳香共聚酯与聚丙烯共混物的等温和非多温结晶行为.结果表明,这一热致液晶聚合物对聚丙烯结晶有诱导成核和加速作用.当共聚酯含量在2-5％之间时,聚丙烯的结晶速率最快.偏光显微镜的观察揭示出在聚丙烯熔体中原位形成的液晶聚合物微纤诱导了聚丙烯横穿晶的形成.     

聚合物共混物脆韧转变性能研究 Ⅱ准韧性聚合物共混物脆韧转变的几何模型

给出了分散相粒间基体层厚度Ｔ与分散相粒径（ｄ）、粒径分散度（σ）和分散相体积分数（）的定量关系式．发现σ对Ｔ的影响与有关，不仅Ｔ随σ的增大而增大，而且越大，这种影响越显著．用计算机图像分析仪直接测定了聚氯乙烯／丁腈橡胶、聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／三元乙丙橡胶、ＰＰ／乙烯 醋酸乙烯酯共聚物共混物的Ｔ，发现这三种共混物的Ｔ近似于对数正态分布．理论预示与实验结果很好符合．     

A thermodynamic analysis on the coincidence of extrema conditions in the sorption equilibrium for ternary polymer systems

Flory-Huggins theory of polymer solutions has been used to express the condition of extrema values in the total sorption, as well as the inversion point in the preferential adsorption parameters for termary polymer systems. Two approaches have been followed, the first considers the binary and ternary interaction parameters independent of polymer concentration and solvent composition. In the second one, this dependence has been introduced. Our attention is focused on the volume fraction of solvent mixture dependence of the above parameters, in order to confirm or not the coincidence between the extrema values and the inversion point. Several cosolvent and cononsolvent ternary polymer systems, have been used to test the validity of the equations obtained. Also, it has been verified, from an experimental point of view, that in cosolvent ternary polymer systems there is coincidence in both compositions while in cononsolvent ternary polymer systems, such coincidence does not appear.     

Ternary Fission

In this review paper, ternary fission is defined as the break-up of heavy nuclei into three fragments of approximately equal mass. This relatively new type of nuclear decay has been investigated intensively during the last decade. Muga has studied ternary fission induced by thermal neutrons in uranium. The results of his experiments are discussed in detail. Ternary fission can definitely be observed and studied in the interaction of heavy target elements with 39 MeV alpha particles, 20 GeV protons, and 300—400MeV argon ions. The ratio of binary-to-binary fission for uranium is approximately 10^?4: 100 in the interaction of 39 MeV alpha particles, approximately 0.1:100 for 20 GeV protons, and 3:100 for 400MeV argon ions. A theoretical model for the interpretation of ternary fission, the “cascade model”, is described. The paper concludes with a discussion of the possible connection of ternary fission with the production and decay of still undiscovered super-heavy elements (Z = 114).     

Spherical coordinate representations of solvent composition for liquid chromatography method development using experimental design

One of the major techniques used for the method development of ternary and quaternary high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems has been to use mixture designs, often referred to as "Glajch's Triangle". This technique does not allow for the systematic and simultaneous optimization of other factors such as gradient time, pH and temperature that affect the quality of separations. An alternative approach is to use experimental designs. The condition, however, that the composition of all components of the mobile phase must total 100% presents a problem when trying to mathematically represent ranges of each mobile phase constituent of a ternary or quaternary system. A method is described here, based on spherical coordinate representations, that adheres to the constraints of the mobile phase composition and allows experimental designs, such as central composite and factorial designs, to be applied to the simultaneous optimization of the mobile phase composition. Other factors, in particular temperature and gradient time, can then be included in the design. As a result of applying these designs to the HPLC separation of phenols and corticosteroids, it was found necessary to include three-way interactions between experimental factors in the model. The significance of these interactions shows that they need to be considered in HPLC method development.     

Ternäre Lithium-Selten-Erd-Nitrate mit einsamen Nitrationen: Li3[M(NO3)5](NO3) (M = Gd?Lu,Y). Die Kristallstruktur von Li3Er(NO3)6

Ternary Lithium Rare Earth Nitrates with Lonesome Nitrate Ions: Li₃[M(NO₃)₅](NO₃) (M = Gd? Lu, Y). The Crystal Structure of Li₃Er(NO₃)₆ Single crystals of the ternary nitrate Li₃Er(NO₃)₆ are obtained from a solution of “Er(NO₃)₃” in the melt of LiNO₃. In Li₃Er(NO₃)₆ (monoclinic, P2₁/n, Z = 4; a = 776.0(1); b = 748.86(8); c = 2 396(1) pm; β = 90.76(3)°; R1 = 0.0490; wR2 = 0.0792), Er³⁺ is surrounded by five bidentate nitrate ligands yielding the anionic units [Er(NO₃)₅]^2?. These are arranged in the direction of the 2₁ screw axis. Two lonesome NO₃^? ions are in the middle of such a “helix” and are connected by Li⁺ with the anions [Er(NO₃)₅]^2?. The helices are moved against each other by about half of the lattice constant a and are connected by further Li⁺ ions.     

聚合物共混物脆韧转变性能研究 Ⅲ.分散相形态参数之间的关系

为了研究形态（特别是分散状态）对聚合物共混物韧性的影响，建立了准网络形态模型，定义了分散相分布系数（ξ，０＜ξ１），并给出其物理意义，推导了基体层厚度的计算公式，研究了形态参数的变化对基体层厚度的影响．对于常见的无规形态，ξ≈１．对于准网络形态，ξ＜１，并且不是常数．计算结果表明，减小ξ和分散相粒径及其分布、增大其体积分数有利于减小基体层厚度．从理论上证明了准网络形态比无规形态更有利于减小基体层厚度．     

Determination of percolation threshold electroactivity and phase behavior study on conducting blends of thermotropic polyesters and polyaniline

The new thermotropic polyester/polyaniline (PIn/PAni) blends have been prepared by solution blend of synthesized liquid crystalline poly[4,4′‐bis (ω‐alkoxy) biphenylisophthalate]s having four and six methylene units in spacer (PI4 and PI6) with PAni doped with camphorsolfonic acid (CSA). The percolation threshold electroactivity of prepared blend films has been determined by cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the PAni concentration, solvent nature and polyester structure on the electroactivity of the blends has been investigated. The extremely low percolation threshold of prepared PIn/PAni‐CSA blends from dimethylformamide (DMF) and m‐cresol solution was 3% weight of PAni‐CSA. The amount of conducting polymer necessary to retard the formation of the liquid crystalline (LC) phase is up to 45% by weight. Phase behavior studies by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing microscopy show that blends with 45% of conducting polymer are both liquid crystal and conductive. The morphology of the blends has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

填料对聚合物共混物相分离行为的影响

近年来,由于粒子填充聚合物共混物的广泛运用,复合材料的结构研究具有重要意义.除了研究粒子在聚合物中的分散外,关于粒子对聚合物共混物的相分离影响也做了大量工作.研究结果表明粒子的尺寸,粒子的表面处理以及粒子含量对聚合物共混物相分离热力学以及动力学有重要影响.由于粒子对聚合物组分的选择吸附、聚合物分子对粒子的润湿作用、填料对聚合物相区生长的阻碍导致了聚合物共混物-填料体系相行为的复杂性.本文扼要地综述了聚合物共混物-填料体系相分离的理论基础以及实验结果,介绍了粒子对相分离的影响因素,并展望了该领域的研究趋势和前景.     

Structural materials: metal-silicon-Boron. The Nb-rich corner of the Nb-Si-B system

Phase equilibria in the Nb-Nb₅Si₃-NbB region were studied in the melting (crystallization) range by means of light microscopy, XRD, SEM and EMPA on alloys after arc-melting and annealing at 1800°C and at subsolidus temperatures. Phase transition and melting temperatures were determined by DTA and pyrometric Pirani-Alterthum technique resulting in a solidus projection and two isopleths, Nb₇₇Si₂₃-Nb₇₇B₂₃ and Nb₉₉Si₁-Nb₅Si₂B. The T₂-phase Nb₅Si_3−xB_x (0?x?2, Cr₅B₃-type) was found to form equilibria with (Nb), NbB, Nb₃Si, and with the T₁-phase (Mn₅Si₃ derivative type). The T₂-phase melts incongruently (Nb₅Si_1.8B_1.2 at 2245°C) and forms a quasibinary eutectic with the niobium solid solution on a minimum tie-line at ∼1880°C.