茶叶香味扫描和挥发性化学成分分析

为区分不同茶叶的香味，利用电子扫描仪对铁观音、兰贵人、玉针、碧螺春和云雾茶等5种茶叶进行了香味扫描，确定了电子鼻在茶叶香味辨别中的作用。采用固相微萃取．气相色谱／质谱联用法对这5种茶叶样品中的挥发性化学成分进行了定性和定量分析，分别鉴定出40、40、35、16和13种化合物。在鉴定出的化学成分中，乙酸、大茴香醚、十六烷、咖啡因、十六酸和双酚A是5种茶叶样品中所共有的化学成分，每种茶叶样品中又都含有一些特有的化学成分。最后对香味扫描结果和挥发性化学成分分析结果进行了分析，研究了挥发性化学成分组成和含量上的差别，对茶叶样品数据点在香味分析三维图中位置的影响。     

丁基罗丹明B-Fe2+-H2O2体系荧光法测定茶叶的抗氧化活性

丁基罗丹明B本身能产生特征荧光,其激发波长和发射波长分别为560 nm和582 nm。在酸性介质中,Fe^2＋-H2O2体系产生的羟自由基可以迅速氧化丁基罗丹明B使其荧光猝灭,而茶叶的水提取物可以部分清除溶液中的羟自由基,从而使其荧光猝灭程度减弱。据此建立了一种测定茶叶抗氧化性的新方法。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茶叶中的铅

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了茶叶中铅含量，在一定的条件下，茶叶样品的铅可不经MIBK萃取分离而直接用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行测定，测定结果令人满意。     

Alpha and gamma spectrometry for determination of natural and artificial radionuclides in tea, herbal tea and camomile marketed in Italy

Several kinds of tea, camomile and herbal tea were analysed to determine natural and artificial radioactivity. The radionuclides were determined by alpha (²¹⁰Po) and gamma (²²⁸Ac, ²¹⁴Pb, ²¹⁴Bi, ²¹⁰Pb, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs) spectrometry. ²²⁸Ac ranged between 0.6 and 9.0 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁰Po between 1.90 and 36.1 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁴Pb and ²¹⁴Bi between 0.7 and 4.9 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁰Pb between < 10.0 and 58.9 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ⁴⁰K between 463 and 936 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ¹³⁷Cs between < 0.3 and 2.6 Bq kg⁻¹_dry. The percentage of ²¹⁰Po extraction in infusion was also determined; the arithmetical mean value of percentage of ²¹⁰Po extraction resulted 20.7 ± 7.50.     

微波消解-ICP-AES测定茶多酚中的金属元素

采用HNO3-H2O2做消解剂处理茶多酚样品,运用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定了茶多酚中的金属元素。通过加标回收实验,验证了方法的可靠性和准确度,表明该方法快速简便,数据准确可靠,为以后进一步研究茶多酚的生物医学活性提供理论依据。     

Ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic improvement of polyphenol content,antioxidant potential,and in vitro inhibitory effect on digestive enzymes of Miang extracts

The aims of this research were to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of polyphenols under Miang and tannase treatment conditions for the improvement of antioxidant activity of Miang extracts via response surface methodology. Miang extracts treated with and without tannase were investigated for their inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes. The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of the highest total polyphenol (TP) (136.91 mg GAE/g dw) and total flavonoid (TF) (5.38 mg QE/g dw) contents were as follows: 1 U/g cellulase, 1 U/g xylanase, 1 U/g pectinase, temperature (74 °C), and time (45 min). The antioxidant activity of this extract was enhanced by the addition of tannase obtained from Sporidiobolus ruineniae A45.2 undergoing ultrasonic treatment and under optimal conditions (360 mU/g dw, 51 °C for 25 min). The ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction selectively promoted the extraction of gallated catechins from Miang. Tannase treatment improved the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of untreated Miang extracts by 1.3 times. The treated Miang extracts possessed higher IC₅₀ values for porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory activity than those that were untreated. However, it expressed approximately 3 times lower IC₅₀ values for porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) inhibitory activity indicating a marked improvement in inhibitory activity. The molecular docking results support the contention that epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and catechin obtained via the biotransformation of the Miang extracts played a crucial role in the inhibitory activity of PPL. Overall, the tannase treated Miang extract could serve as a functional food and beneficial ingredient in medicinal products developed for obesity prevention.     

Isolation and identification of metabolites from dihydromyricetin

Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is the major bioactive constituent of Rattan Tea, which is the tender stems and leaves of Ampelopsis grossendentata. Seven metabolites (2-8) of DHM (1) were obtained by the chromatographic method. The metabolites 2-5 were obtained from the urine of rats administered orally with DHM; and metabolites 6-8 were detected in the fecal specimens of rats, which were also produced by human intestinal bacteria (HIB) in vitro, and were separated from the cultured media of HIB containing DHM. Their structures were elucidated as 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxyflavanonol (2); 5,7,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanonol (3); 5,7,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyflavanonol (4); and dihydromyricetin-O-5-beta-D-glucuronide (5); (2R,3S)-5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavanonol (6); 3,4,5,7,3',4',5'-hepthydroxyflavan (7) and 5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxyflavanone (8) on the basis of UV, NMR and LC-MS/MS data. These seven metabolites were formed through familiar metabolic reactions. Dihydromyricetin-O-5-beta-D-glucuronide (5) is a new compound. The (13)C-NMR data of (2) and (4) are reported for the first time.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定茶叶中的锌、铜和锰

本文研究了茶叶中锌、铜、锰微量金属元素的火焰原子吸收分光光度法的测定。方法简便、快速,灵敏度和精密度高,特征浓度锌为０．００９μｇ／ｍＬ／１％,铜为０．０３１μｇ／ｍＬ／１％,锰为０．０１７μｇ／ｍＬ／１％;相对标准偏差为０．９％～５．０％,回收率９２．０％～１０６．０％。     

基于X射线荧光技术的茶叶产地鉴别方法研究

针对目前市场上存在的产地假冒茶叶严重影响名牌茶叶信誉的情况,根据不同产地茶叶中重金属含量的差异,提出了利用X射线荧光技术结合模式识别技术进行了茶叶产地鉴别的方法。将不同产地的样本分组,分别采集其X射线荧光光谱,提取其主成分,分别计算各个样本组的主成分均值作为样本中心点,计算待测样本到各样本组中心的马氏距离,将其归类到马氏距离值最小的类中,实现样本分类。采用Niton 792便携式X射线荧光仪对安吉、金华、杭州和台州等4个不同地区120个茶叶样本进行了鉴别试验,发现3～13 keV波段是X射线荧光光谱分析技术进行茶叶产地鉴别的有效波段,前4个主成分可用于茶叶的产地鉴别,试验的误差率为4.2%。     

茶叶掺糖含量检测算法中光谱数据有效性及冗余度研究

基于近红外光谱(NIRS)技术和遗传算法-反向传播(GA-BP)神经网络建立模型,分析茶叶掺蔗糖样品的1～2.5 μm原始光谱数据的有效性及冗余度。固定样本数据,对模型的参数优化选择后建立茶叶蔗糖含量定量检测模型。将1～2.5 μm原始数据分1～1.7,1～1.3,1.3～1.7,1.7～2.5和2～2.2 μm。利用建立的模型对同一分辨率下的不同波段进行模型训练。预测结果表明,1～1.7和1～2.5 μm波段存在数据冗余。仅使用1.3～1.7或1.7～2.5 μm波段即可有效建立模型。预测模型对同一波段下的不同分辨率进行研究,从2 nm到20 nm改变分辨率,当波段范围为1～2.5 μm时,模型的R均介于0.9和0.95之间,且RMSEP也在1.7和2.1之间。当波段范围为1～1.7 μm时,模型的R均在0.9和0.93之间,且RMSEP也在1.95和2.25之间。结果表明,1～2.5 μm原始数据中确实存在波长范围和光谱分辨率的冗余。通过光谱特征分析和算法建模,可以显著提高光谱数据获取的有效性;对于茶叶中蔗糖含量的检测,可以采用更窄的波长范围和更低的光谱分辨率。