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991.
元素无机化学是大学化学及相关专业无机化学课程的核心内容。如何教好、学好元素无机化学的知识一直是教学工作者研究的课题。为改变教学现状,提高教学效果,培养学生的逻辑思维和科学创新能力,提出一种整合元素无机化学知识的思路,即:以化合物类型为主线对元素无机化学知识进行系统化整合,并以氧化物部分为例加以说明。 相似文献
992.
茂基稀土胺化物(MeCp)2YbNPh2(THF)与异氰酸正己酯(n-HexylNCO)按11摩尔比反应, 分离出产物{(MeC5H4)2Yb[OC(NPh2)N(n-hexyl)]}2. 产物经元素分析和核磁共振表征, 并测定了其晶体结构. 配合物属三斜晶系, R-3空间群, 晶胞参数为a=2.9533(11) nm, b=2.9533(11) nm, c=1.5873(6) nm, V=11.9896(80) nm3, Z=9, Dc=1.562 mg·m-3, μ=3.536 mm-1 (Mo Kα), F(000)=5670, R=0.034, Rw=0.064. 该化合物具有二个对称氧桥的双分子结构, 并存在着由氮原子向中心金属镱分子内配位而形成的三环骨架, 中心金属镱的配位数是九, 整个分子呈中心对称. 相似文献
993.
"Energy chemistry" was approved as one of the chemistry majors for undergraduate by the Ministry of Education in 2015. Based on the ideas and ways of emerging engineering education, this paper hereby proposed some of constructive suggestions on the training objectives, graduation requirements, curriculum system, teaching contents, teaching staff and conditions for development of "energy chemistry" major. 相似文献
994.
Yuming Dong Yuqiang Ding Weifu Dong Cheng Yang Xuefeng Liu Ye Fan Jing Wang Qingwei Pan 《大学化学》1986,35(10):71-76
Based on the development prospect of cosmetics industry, the advantage of light industry characteristic and the foundation of applied chemistry in Jiangnan University, a systematic upgrading of applied chemistry was carried out through "emerging engineering education (3E)" project "upgrade and practice of chemistry-related majors of local and/or trade university responding to the social developments" supported by the Ministry of Education. On the basis of investigation and analysis, the orientation and training goal of applied chemistry were updated first, and then the curriculum system was determined and the curriculum construction is strengthened, so as to achieve more distinctive characteristics, more solid foundation and more comprehensive quality. In view of the new requirements of the 3E for talent training, some practices have been formed in the aspects of multi-disciplinary integration, multi-angle coordination and close integration to industry. Contributing the development of cosmetics industry and seizing the commanding point of science and technology from the perspective of talent training, will play a unique role in human social progress. 相似文献
995.
996.
B. A. Korolev L. A. Osmolovskaya Yu. V. Kuznetsov L. G. Stolyarova L. D. Smirnov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1992,41(2):333-336
Examination of the acid-base properties of 5-hydroxybenzimidazoles has shown them to exist in nitromethane as the 5-hydroxy-tautomers. Substituents in the 2-position have a predominantly inductive effect on the basicity of the 3-nitrogen, rationalized as in other nitrogen heterocycles by the proximity of the substituents to the reaction center.N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117977 Moscow. The Research Institute for Intermediates and Dyes, 103787 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 421–425, February, 1992. 相似文献
997.
Sample evaporation in splitless injection of large volumes is rapid: depending on the experiment, results indicate that 200 μl of hexane, for instance, evaporates in 2–10 s, producing vapor at a rate of many hundreds of milliliters per minute. A 60 × 4 mm packed bed of 20–35 mesh Tenax TA enabled injection of 200 μl volumes of all solvents tested, and even 1 ml injections were possible provided they were performed over a period of 30 s. Retention of volatile sample components depends on the sample solvent, the injection volume, and the injection speed, but only little on the injector temperature. Losses of n-tridecane varied from hardly 15 % (when dissolved in pentane) to ca 60 % (ethyl acetate); losses of n-heptadecane were usually below 20 %. The column temperature during injection should be at least ca 20–30°C above the standard solvent boiling point. 相似文献
998.
S type Gaussian bond functions are optimized for HF, H2O, NH3, and CH4. The optimization is carried out with respect to the exponent and position in the H-X bond. The position is found to correlate
well with the electronegativity of Pauling and Allred-Rochow. 相似文献
999.
H. Nickel und R. Schaeps 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1976,281(3):193-199
Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Beeinflussung spektrochemischer Ergebnisse durch homogene Magnetfelder und Zusatzsubstanzen bei Lichtbogenanregung berichtet. Der Einfluß eines homogenen Magnetfeldes auf die Gesamtintensität der Linien verschiedener Analysenelemente (Hg, Zn, Ga, Tl) in Graphit wurde untersucht. Außerdem wurden die axialen und radialen Verteilungen der Linienintensitäten im Bogenplasma bestimmt. Als Parameter dienten die Magnetfeldstärke (0, 0,01, 0,02, 0,04 T) und die physikalischen Daten der Analysenelemente. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß die Wirkung des Magnetfeldes vom Ionisationspotential der beteiligten Elemente, von ihrer Atommasse und von der angewendeten Magnetfeldstärke abhängig ist.Weiterhin wurde der Einfluß eines homogenen Magnetfeldes auf die Verdampfungsrate mit Hilfe einer kontinuierlich und zerstörungsfrei arbeitenden Meßmethode untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß die Verdampfungsrate bei Anwendung eines Magnetfeldes in Abhängigkeit von der Verdampfungswärme der Elemente erhöht wird.Die Auswirkung der Zusatzsubstanz Ga2O3 auf die Linienintensitäten der Verunreinigungen wird von der Ga2O3-Konzentration und vom Ionisationspotential der untersuchten Elemente beeinflußt.
On the influence of additives and homogeneous magnetic fields on the arc as a spectrochemical source of excitationI. Spectrochemical investigations in graphite mixtures
The paper deals with homogeneous magnetic fields and added chemical substances both affecting the spectrochemical results obtained in arc excitation studies. The influence of a homogeneous magnetic field on the total intensity of lines of various analysis elements (Hg, Zn, Ga, Tl) in graphite has been examined. Furthermore, the axial and radial distributions of line intensities in arc plasma were determined. Parameters used were the magnetic field strength (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 T) and the physical data of the analysis elements. It was found that the effect of the magnetic field varies with the ionization potential of the elements involved, their atomic mass and the strength of the magnetic field applied.A non-destructive method of measuring was introduced for studying the effects of a homogeneous magnetic field on the rates of evaporation. The results showed increased evaporation rates in presence of magnetic fields as a function of the evaporation heat of the elements involved.Effects of Ga2O3 additive on the line intensities of impurity elements are governed by the Ga2O3 concentration and the ionization potential of the elements examined.相似文献
1000.
Klaus Rakus Sergej P. Verevkin Hans-Dieter Beckhaus Christoph Rüchardt 《欧洲无机化学杂志》1994,127(11):2225-2234
The thermolysis reactions of the tricyanomethyl compounds 10a-c were studied in solution. 2,2-Dicyano-3-methyl-3-phenylbutyronitrile ( 10a ) and 2,2-dicyano-3-methyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)butyronitrile ( 10b ) decomposed heterolytically into carbenium ions and (CN)3C− anions, while 9-methyl-9-(tricyanomethyl)fluorene ( 10c ) underwent about 11% homolytic C-C bond cleavage into 9-methyl-9-fluorenyl- and tricyanomethyl radicals. The rates of the homolysis were determined by a radical scavenger procedure under conditions of pseudozero order kinetics. From the temperature effect on the rate constants the activation parameters were determined [ΔH ( 10c ) = 155· 2 kJ mol−1, ΔS ( 10c ) = 58· 5 J mol−1 K−1]. Standard enthalpies of formation ΔH (g) were determined for 2,2-dicyanopropionitrile ( 2 ) (422.45 kJ mol−1), 2,2-dicyanohexanenitrile ( 3 ) (349.74 kJ mol−1), 2,2-dicyano-3-phenylpropionitrile ( 4 ) (540.75 kJ mol−1), 2-butyl-2-methylhexanentrile ( 5 ) (-133.20 kJ mol−1), 2,2-dimethylpentanenitrile ( 6 ) (-45.78 kJ mol−1), and 2-methylbutyronitrile ( 7 ) (2.44 kJ mol−1) from the enthalpies of combustion and enthalpies of sublimation/vaporization. From these data and known Δ (g) values for alkanenitriles and -dinitriles, thermochemical increments for ΔH (g) were derived for alkyl groups with one, two, or three cyano groups attached. The comparison of these increments with those of alkanes reveals a strong geminal destabilization, which is interpreted by dipolar repulsions between the cyano groups. - From ΔH (g) of 10c and ΔH of its homolytic decomposition the radical stabilization enthalpy for the tricyanomethyl radical 1 RSE ( 1 ) = -18 kJ mol−1 was determined. Thus, 1 is destabilized, in comparison with the RSEs of tertiary α-cyanalkyl (23 kJ mol−1) and α,α-dicyanoalkyl (27 kJ mol−1) radicals, which were recalculated from bond homolysis measurements[4] and the new thermochemical data. This change of RSE on increasing the number of α-cyano groups is discussed as the result of the additive contributions by resonance stabilization and increasing destabilization by dipolar repulsion. The amount of the dipolar energies was estimated by molecular mechanics (MM2). 相似文献