Vacancy‐Induced Electronic Structure Variation of Acceptors and Correlation with Proton Conduction in Perovskite Oxides

In most proton‐conducing perovskite oxides, the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged acceptor dopants and protonic defects having a positive charge is known to be a major cause of retardation of proton conduction, a phenomenon that is generally referred to as proton trapping. We experimentally show that proton trapping can be suppressed by clustering of positively charged oxygen vacancies to acceptors in BaZrO_3?δ and BaCeO_3?δ. In particular, to ensure the vacancy–acceptor association is effective against proton trapping, the valence electron density of acceptors should not significantly vary when the oxygen vacancies cluster, based on the weak hybridization between the valence d or p orbitals of acceptors and the 2p orbitals of oxygen.     

热解温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备B掺杂ZnO薄膜晶化行为及性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了B掺杂ZnO(BZO)薄膜,系统研究了热解温度对薄膜的结晶行为和性能的影响. X射线衍射谱表明所有的BZO薄膜均具有六方纤锌矿结构,并沿c轴方向择优生长. 随着热解温度的升高,BZO薄膜的晶粒尺寸和RMS粗糙度增加. BZO薄膜的载流子浓度和载流子迁移率也随着热解温度的升高而增加,其可见光平均透过率均在90%以上.     

Conduction and Ion Transport in LaYO<Subscript>3</Subscript> Doped with CaO

Values of partial conductions (ionic: protonic, oxygen, hole) and their activation energies in LaYO₃ are determined at 700–1050°C, pO₂ ranging from air to 10⁻¹⁵ Pa, and pH₂O = 0.04–13.5 kPa for different versions of doping with calcium (when introduced into the lanthanum or yttrium sublattices, or into both sublattices simultaneously). The conductivity increases in the series La_0.97Ca_0.03YO_{3 − α} < LaY_0.97Ca_0.03O_{3 − α} < La_0.985Y_0.985Ca_0.03O_{3 − α}, which means that the stoichiometric composition with a 1 : 1 ratio between Y and La has the highest conductivity.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 610–615.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Balakireva, Stroeva, Gorelov.     

Low temperature DC electrical conductivity studies of Pb1-xZnxS semiconductor compounds

Pb_1-xZn_xS (x = 0 to 0.4 in steps of 0.1) ternary semiconductor material shave been prepared by co-precipitation method. The structural and electrical studies have been carried out to understand the influence of Zinc on activation energy. X-ray diffractograms showed that the Pb_1-xZn_xS compounds are polycrystalline in nature with cubic phase. The temperature-dependent conductivity measured in the range 300–4 K showed a change in the conduction mechanism at 62 K and 31 K. The activation energies evaluated at low and very low temperature regions. Activation energy increases and conductivity decreases with the increase of Zn in Pb_1-xZn_xS compounds. The samples are exhibiting low freezing temperature points indicating their capability to use in low temperature applications.     

Aggregation of Giant Cerium–Bismuth Tungstate Clusters into a 3D Porous Framework with High Proton Conductivity

The exploration of high nuclearity molecular metal oxide clusters and their reactivity is a challenge for chemistry and materials science. Herein, we report an unprecedented giant molecular cerium–bismuth tungstate superstructure formed by self‐assembly from simple metal oxide precursors in aqueous solution. The compound, {[W₁₄Ce^IV₆O₆₁]([W₃Bi₆Ce^III₃(H₂O)₃O₁₄][B‐α‐BiW₉O₃₃]₃)₂}^34? was identified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and features 104 metal centers, a relative molar mass of ca. 24 000 and is ca. 3.0×2.0×1.7 nm³ in size. The cluster anion is assembled around a central {Ce₆} octahedron which is stabilized by several molecular metal oxide shells. Six trilacunary Keggin anions ([B‐α‐BiW₉O₃₃]^9?) cap the superstructure and limit its growth. In the crystal lattice, water‐filled channels with diameters of ca. 0.5 nm are observed, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows pronounced proton conductivity even at low temperature.     

Superionic Transport in Fluoride Composites and Glasses

Data on previous conductimetric studies of ionic transport in fluoride composites and vitreous materials are compiled. The F^- conductivity of composites 21SrF₂ · 79LaF₃ (content, mol %) and 34NaF · 66PbF₂ reaches 0.007 S cm^-1 at 500 K and that of glasses based on InF₃ and PbF₂, 6 × 10^-5 S cm^-1 at 400 K, which exceeds that of -PbF₂ and LaF₃ crystals.     

Tetravalent Zr<Superscript>4+</Superscript> ion conduction in NASICON-type phosphate solids

The ionic conduction of mono-, di-, and trivalent ions in solids is popular in solid state science and the next target ion species to migrate in solids are tetravalent ions. Here, a tetravalent cation conductor which shows high conductivity, comparable to the conductivity range of the representative divalent oxide anion conductors, was artificially designed by strictly selecting the constituent elements and the structure. The tetravalent ion conducting solid electrolyte proposed here shows considerable high ion conductivity and promising applications, such as in rechargeable batteries and chemical sensors for global environmental monitoring, are greatly expected. Electronic Publication     

Die Rottegradbestimmung von Kompost in Dewar-Gefäβen — Eine Kalorimetrische Interpretation

Composting technologies rely on standard methods for quality determination. The maturity of a compost is assayed by self-heating experiments in Dewar-vessels. The resulting maximum temperature is classified on a five-level scale. This study demonstrated systematic errors that might occur when assays are performed in Dewars of different size. The vessels were characterized as heat conduction calorimeters and the processes of biochemical decomposition and heat generation and autothermic effects (temperature) were evaluated quantitatively.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.