SIMPLE AND IMPROVED PREPARATION OF α-OXOPHOSPHONATE MONOLITHIUM SALTS

Some α-OxoPhosphonate monolithium salts were synthesized by a facile one-step procedure. In this way, α-(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetoxy)alkyl phosphonic acid dimethyl esters 5 can be transformed into the corresponding phosophonate monolithium salts 6 without influence on the carboxylic ester group under mild conditions.     

pH and salt effects on the aggregation behaviour of star polymer with G1 polyamidoamine core and terminal amphiphilic blocks

In this study, the pH and salt effects on the aggregation behaviour of star polymer, with G1 polyamidoamine as the core and poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) as the terminal branches, were investigated. The results from pH and turbidimetric titration experiments showed that with the pH value increasing from 2.0 to 10.0, the solution transforms from transparent to turbid at pK _a = 5.5 and eventually presents phase separation at the pH value above 7.5. As revealed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements, the size of the aggregates of star polymer becomes bigger with the increase in the pH value or in the presence of salt. It was found that the extent of the salt effect on the aggregation behaviour follows the sequence: C₆H₅COONa>Na₂SO₄ > NaCl.

     

惰性盐辅助合成介孔石墨化碳片及其电容性能

以惰性盐KCl为模板、硝酸镍为金属催化剂镍源、葡萄糖为碳源,通过碳化处理制备了介孔石墨化碳片。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面测试仪对介孔石墨化碳片进行了表征。探讨了碳片形成的机理,采用三电极测试体系研究了介孔石墨化碳片电极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,10gKCl制备的碳片比表面积最大（989m²·g^-1）,在6mol·L^-1KOH电解液中,当电流密度为0.5A·g^-1时,比电容达到180F·g^-1;当电流密度达到10A·g^-1时,比电容维持在148F·g^-1,显示了电极具有较好的倍率性能;在10A·g^-1条件下,2000次循环充放电测试后电容没有发生衰减,展示了在超级电容器方面的应用潜力。     

论卤盐养生（7）

卤盐（包括食盐）是中国矿物药的重要组成部分.从文化价值、临床应用和情志调摄3个方面诠释了卤盐的养生学意义,并全面、详细地阐述了食盐对中国古代文化的四大贡献、6种盐类的现代临床应用价值以及盐湖旅游的6项要素;列举了160多个盐湖卤水的主要化学成分、矿化度或微量元素;摘录了论述卤盐主治功用的古今文献.本文分期刊出.     

胆酸盐与Gemini表面活性剂复合物构建的纳米纤维和囊泡

Gemini表面活性剂(Cs H2s-α,ω-(Me2N+Cm H2m+1Br-)2,m-s-m)与胆汁酸盐(BS)利用静电作用构建超分子复合物,通过改变m-s-m和BS的结构,可以分别得到纳米纤维和囊泡状超分子聚集体.聚集体的形貌、结构和性质分别通过偏光显微镜(POM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)及其它测试手段进行了表征.研究发现,通过改变m-s-m的烷基链长和间隔基团的长度,以及BS胆甾骨架上羟基的数目和位置,聚集体的形貌会发生明显的变化,聚集体主要依靠静电相互作用,并在疏水作用及氢键的协同作用下形成,本文的结果将有助于更好地理解离子自组装机理,并对超分子聚集体的设计提供新的思路.     

BTATz-Pb复合物对双基和RDX-改性双基推进剂的热行为、非等温动力学及燃烧性能的影响

制备了含3,6-双(1-氢-1,2,3,4-四唑-5-氨基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪(BTATz)铅复合物(LCBTATZ)的双基推进剂和改性双基推进剂. 采用热重-微商热重法(TG-DTG)及差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了其热分解行为和非等温分解动力学并在此基础上评价了其热安全性. 结果表明, LCBTATz-DB复合物中在350-540 K之间只存在一个放热分解峰, LCBTATz-CMDB复合物中存在两个连续的放热分解峰在390-540 K温度范围内, 其机理方程分别为: f(α)=α^-1/2和f(α)=2(1-α)^3/2. 计算了热加速分解温度(T_SADT)、热爆炸临界温度(T_b)、热点火温度(T_TIT)和绝热至爆时间(t_Tlad),其值分别为: DB001复合物T_SADT=444.50 K, T_TITT=453.96 K, T_b=471.84 K; t_Tlad=39.36 s; CMDB100复合物, T_SADT=442.38 K, T_TITT=452.89 K,T_b=464.13 K,t_Tlad=21.3 s,并以此来评价化合物的热安全性. 考察了LCBTATz-DB以及LCBTATz-CMDB的燃烧性能, 结果表明LCBTATZ 是一种高效的双基燃烧催化剂, 在较大的压力范围内可以显著的提高燃速并且大幅度的降低压力指数. 对于双基推进剂在2-8 MPa压力范围内出现了明显的超燃速现象, 8-12 MPa出现了“麦撒”效应, 对于改性双基推进剂的压力指数降到0.18.     

铝盐配位分离氟碳铈矿酸浸液中氟和铈

氟碳铈矿是最主要的稀土来源,而氟是制约稀土清洁化分离的瓶颈,因此在提取稀土前进行氟的分离是一种解决方案。利用氟铝间很强的配位性质,加入铝盐而发生竞争配位反应,使[CeF2]2+变为游离Ce4+后向萃取相转移,实现氟-铈分离。实验结果表明:[H+]≤1.0mol.L-1,以Al2(SO4)3或NaAlO2为氟络合剂,根据酸浸中F-含量,向浸出液中加入n(F)/n(Al)=1的Al2(SO4)3或n(F)/n(Al)=1.5的NaAlO2时,氟-铈分离效果最好。     

几种金属盐催化剂对苯甲醛肟重排生成苯甲酰胺的催化作用

考察了SnCl2,CdCl2,Cr(CH3COO)3,Cr(NO3)3四种金属盐对苯甲醛肟重排生成苯甲酰胺反应的催化作用;以SnCl2作为模型催化剂,探讨了催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间等因素对产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件.结果表明,SnCl2对苯甲醛肟重排生成苯甲酰胺反应的催化效率最高;最佳反应条件为:n(SnCl2)∶n(苯甲醛肟)=2∶5,反应温度110℃,反应时间19h,相应的苯甲酰胺产率达57.6%.     

Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate Powder Catalyzed Stereoselective O-Vinylation of 1-(2-Hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-1-ethanone

Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates, produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, by 1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphtyl)-1-ethanone leads to vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo a Michael addition reaction with a conjugate base to produce corresponding stabilized phosphorus ylides. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate powder was found to catalyze the conversion of stabilized phosphorus ylides to dialkyl (E, Z)-2-(1-acetyl-2-naphthyl)-2-butenedioates under thermal and microwave conditions in a solventless system.     

CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SULFUR COMPOUNDS

Abstract

All living organisms require sulfur for various metabolic processes. Sulfur occurs in enzymes, in structural proteins of cells, and in a wide variety of naturally occurring compounds which often play key roles in metabolism. The chemistry and biochemistry of sulfur compounds has been reviewed.^1–3.