梨果糖浓度近红外漫反射光谱检测的预处理方法研究

糖浓度是梨果内部品质的重要指标。实验测得了梨果的近红外漫反射吸光度谱,并且对其进行了光谱预处理,包括多元散射校正(MSC)、基线校正(baseline correction)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)和平滑去噪(moving average)。结果表明,经过预处理后的吸光度谱在光谱归一化、噪声消减等方面有着较为明显的优势。使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对原始吸光度谱和预处理后的吸光度谱分别进行处理,得到结论：应用平滑去噪预处理后的吸光度谱进行预测的准确度优于原始吸光度谱,得相关系数为0.990 8,预测标准偏差为0.019 0。     

考虑屋盖柔度的开孔两空间结构风致内压研究

基于合理假定, 推导了迎风面单开孔两空间结构在其屋 盖以动力和准静态两种方式响应时的内压控制方程组. 通过数值算 例, 分析了各种屋盖柔度下由动力模型与准静态模型计算得到的两子空间内压增益函数、内压系数功率谱以及内压系数均方根值. 结果表明: 当屋盖较柔时, 须采用动力模型来计算内压响应, 反之, 可采用简化的准静态模型. 随着屋盖自振频率的增大, “内压-屋盖”系统的三阶共振频率都增大, 前二阶共振频率处的峰值内压响应也随之增大, 但第三阶共振频率处的峰值内压响应却越来越小, 由两模型计算得到的内压系数均方根值均随之增大, 但它们的差值却越来越小.     

Constrained Substructure Model Updating Method Based on Local Mode

针对局部子结构为修正对象的情况提出了约束子结构修正法,实现只利用整体结构模态中对 应子结构部分的模态即可以修正子结构模型. 由脉冲响应结合特征系统实现法识别出子结构的低阶模态; 结合识别的模态和整体结构理论模型的高阶模态构造整体结构对应子结构位置的柔度矩 阵;利用柔度矩阵的物理意义,在子结构的边界上施加数值支座,把子结构从整体结构 中隔离出来成为约束子结构,同时构造出约束子结构的柔度矩阵;利用灵敏度的方法根 据构造出的约束子结构柔度矩阵,优化修正约束子结构,即间接等效地修正子结构模型. 通过一个平面桁架结构验证了约束子结构模型修正法的可行性与有效性,即使在5%或 10%的噪声影响下,仍能得到满意的修正结果. 关键词 模型修正,柔度矩阵,约束子结构,灵敏度,修正单元力     

Molecular dynamics study of polymeric chemical gels: Effect of persistence length and crosslinker density

Using molecular dynamics, we study the formation of chemical gels from an initial solution of reactive polymers that undergo a crosslinking reaction. We study the effect of the polymer persistence length and different densities of crosslinkers along the chains. As the reaction progresses, different structural features are identified in the system leading to the development of a percolated cluster. These features are (a) single strands, (b) double strands, and (c) bridges. We found that the total numbers of these three kinds of features are roughly independent of the persistence length; however, the average lengths of single and double strands grow with this variable. The average length of double strands strongly increases with increasing crosslinker density and the amount of single strands sharply falls as crosslinker density grows. We also found that general structural features of polymer networks are highly dependent on chain persistence length and crosslinker density. Fully flexible chains with high density of crosslinkers result in inhomogeneous network structures with large voids. In contrast, precursor chains with high rigidity and scarce number of crosslinkers result in homogeneous networks having small cavities. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1343–1350     

两关节压力驱动柔性仿生机器鱼的设计与仿真

为研究设计一种柔软度高、环境适应性强的新型仿生机器鱼, 模仿鲨鱼外形及鲔科鱼类的游动姿态, 设计了一种采用液压柔性驱动结构的仿生机器鱼. 针对单关节液压驱动柔性机器鱼存在其C型摆动姿态不符合鲔科鱼类摆动规律的问题, 采用两关节液压柔性驱动模拟鱼类S型摆动, 并根据液压柔性驱动器原理设计仿生鱼的内部结构. 依据理论波动方程确定机器鱼的摆动幅值, 借助数值模拟计算施加在柔性驱动器内部的压强载荷大小, 并分析计算液压柔性驱动器的驱动效率. 应用有限元分析软件模拟仿生鱼在流体中的自主游动过程, 并将两关节机器鱼与单关节机器鱼的自主巡游过程进行对比仿真, 获得两种机器鱼在流体中自主巡游时的运动姿态、游动速度及流场情况. 结果表明, 在相同的频率与尾鳍摆幅下, 两关节柔性机器鱼的巡游平均速度为0.29 BL/s (BL为鱼体体长), 高于单关节机器鱼巡游平均速度0.15 BL/s, 且由速度矢量图可得出两关节仿生鱼的S型摆动姿态更接近真实鱼类摆动规律, 并在运动过程中会产生一系列离散的反向卡门涡街, 推进效率高.      

自由度缩聚的柔度损伤诊断法

为了提高结构在模型自由度缩聚情况下的损伤识别结果的精度,本文推导了基于改进Guyan缩聚法的结构振动方程式.通过求解振动特征方程,利用其特征值和特征向量构建结构缩聚后的柔度矩阵表达式,并引入结构缩聚后的柔度曲率矩阵差和柔度曲率矩阵变化率两个损伤指标,将引入的新损伤指标应用于平面桁架的损伤识别.研究表明:不管是单损伤还是多损伤,仅仅需要一阶模态参数,利用其引入的新损伤指标就可以精确地识别出损伤杆单元位置.即使在高强度噪音的影响下,也保证了其损伤识别结果的精确性.验证了本文基于改进的Guyan缩聚法推导出的损伤指标具有较好的损伤定位性能和较高的抗噪性能.     

Experiments on transonic limit-cycle-flutter of a flexible swept wing

The aeroelastic behavior of wing models is nonlinear particularly in the transonic speed range. The interaction between aerodynamic and structural forces can lead to the occurrence of Limit-Cycle Oscillations (LCOs). If in addition the wing model is flexible and backward swept, the kinematic coupling between bending and torsion makes the situation even more complex.In the research project “Aerostabil” such a wing was investigated, which was equipped with pressure transducers in three sections and accelerometers. The experiments were performed in the adaptive test section of the transonic wind tunnel TWG in Göttingen. Already Dietz et al. (2003) have reported about experimental details and preliminary results. Based on these data Bendiksen (2008) studied numerically LCO-flutter behavior using a very similar, theoretical model (G-wing) and Stickan et al. (2014) used the original data as a LCO flutter test case. The influence of flexibility on the steady aerodynamics of the wing was described in Schewe & Mai (2018). In this paper now the flutter experiments with the same flexible model were analyzed systematically in the transonic range 0.84 <Ma <0.89 and for six angles of attack from 1.46°to 2.7°. Maps of stability, LCO amplitudes and instantaneous pressure distributions are presented. It was found that unstable regions are islands, whose extent depends on the angle of attack. A LCO test case, already treated in the literature is examined in more detail. The analysis of the time functions showed that during LCO-flutter the motion induced aerodynamic sectional lift forces particularly in the outer wing are asymmetric and thus acting as amplitude limiter. The reason for the asymmetry lies in the shock/boundary layer interaction. The test case, containing the stages of built-up and the transition to the limit cycle provides an excellent opportunity for improving our knowledge about LCOs and for code validation purposes.     

Effect of Alanine and Glycine on the Assembly of Surfactant‐like Peptides with Tyrosine as Hydrophilic Head in Basic Solution

Surfactant‐like peptides (SLPs ) can self‐assemble into various nanostructures, which have shown great potential for a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications. In this work, two SLPs , V₄Y , and V₄AGY , were designed and synthesized, both of which had hydrophobic head valines (V) with large side‐chain steric hindrance effect and the hydrophilic head tyrosine (Y) with a rigid ring and two negative charges in the basic solution. Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism studies confirmed their different secondary structures, whereas atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering characterized the difference in their morphologies. In solution, they formed different secondary structures. Correspondingly, V₄Y and V₄AGY formed noncompact spherical aggregates and a spiral clubbed structure, respectively. In V₄AGY , the introduction of alanine (A) and glycine (G) increased the molecule's flexibility and increased the distance between the tyrosine and four continuous valines, so as to weaken the synergistic action of electronic repulsion and steric hindrance and strengthen the intermolecular hydrogen bond beneficial to β‐sheet formation and the axial growth of the self‐assembly. Therefore, the flexibility of the molecule and the side‐chain steric effect of the two heads of SLPs are non‐negligible in the tuning process of peptide self‐assembly, in addition to hydrogen‐bonding, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions.     

Integrating effective flexibility measures into a strategic supply chain planning model

This paper develops models for capacity, product mix, distribution and input supply flexibility and integrates them in a strategic level, mixed integer supply chain (SC) planning model as a way of addressing demand and supply uncertainty, as well as improving market responsiveness. Capacity flexibility is modeled via the SC’s production capacity planning to address budgeted demand and ensure the fulfillment of prospective demand increases when considering various market scenarios. This model selects an optimal number of products from fast moving and extended product range options—based on the product mix flexibility. The model confirms a quick response to a changing marketplace by considering elements like transportation and supply lead time along with the probabilities of stock out options when addressing input supply and distribution flexibility. This paper proposes a solution procedure to solve the model for real world problems, and investigates the sensitivity of the model outputs with respect to changes in flexibility measures.