公路交通噪声阈限值的分析研究

本文采用客观测量和主观评价相结合的方法研究公路交通噪声对人的影响。通过研究，求得了公路交通噪声扰民的容忍阈值，分析了比较了公路交通噪声各种客观评价量与人的主观评价量的之间的相互关系。     

Information fusion method for ocular aberrations measurement based on subjective visual compensation

The human eye is an imperfect refractive system which not only has defocus and astigmatism, but also has spherical aberration, coma and anomalistic high-order aberrations, all of which have certain influence on the imaging quality of retina. What's worse, aberration is further enlarged as a result of mydriasis in dark field and weak light, thus making the vision performance of human eyes far below diffraction limitation. Further research revealed that human eye visual imaging is not only connected with refractive system, but also is closely related to the subjective judgment of human brain and the process of neural system. In order to overcome the deficiencies, wave-front aberration measurement method and system that has subjective visual compensation is proposed and conducted in combination with objective measurement, which ensures more accurate and realistic measuring results. The experimental data revealed that wave-front aberration obtained from subjective visual compensation measuring method is smaller than objective measurement, which is the result of subjects’ adaptive correction when watching sighting targets. In addition, when subjects are watching different sighting targets, the fluctuation value of wavefront aberration is small. Therefore, it is concluded that subjective visual compensation measuring method contributes to aberration measuring improvement and obtains results match with the realistic state by taking into consideration the actual condition of human eyes when watching targets. Hopefully, these discoveries will be of positive and beneficial value to the determination of human eye aberration treatment.     

纺织品摩擦时的听觉风格评价的初步研究

为评价不同组织织物的摩擦听觉风格,建立了以刺耳度(C)、顺滑度(S)、响度(L)、沉闷度(D)、喜好度(B)和拟声词描述(O)的主观评价指标。采用语意评定法(SD法)将听觉风格指标各分为5级,并通过对随机抽取的21名合格纺织专业学生进行问卷调查与测试。研究结果表明：在纱线原料、线密度、经密等相同的情况下,织物摩擦听觉风格指标刺耳度(C)与响度(L)成正相关关系,而刺耳度(C)则分别与顺滑度(S)或者喜好度(B)之间存在着一定的负相关关系。听者对于织物摩擦声音的判别,女性的敏锐度明显高于男性。此外,平纹的刺耳度(C)、响度(L)和沉闷度(D)最高,而缎纹的顺滑度(S)和喜好度(B)最高。     

Study on the influence of subjective well-being on travel mode selection

Traffic congestion is increasingly deteriorating people's travel experience, and accordingly the relationship between travel mode selection and subjective well-being has become a hot issue of concern. Motivated by this, an incentive mechanism combining both reward and punishment is proposed to characterize the evolution of subjective well-being. Two psychological thresholds are introduced: payoff higher than the upper limit will result in rewarding while that lowers than the lower limit leads to punishment. Results show that when the upper and lower limits are close enough, cooperative behavior can be dramatically promoted, that is, more travelers choose low-carbon transportation mode. Moreover, we find that punishment is superior to rewarding in stabilizing high cooperative level. It also shows that whether to choose low-carbon transportation mode depends sensitively on the changes of the upper and lower limits as well as the heterogeneity of self-interest. This study is helpful to promote the formulation of green travel management policies in the future.     

一硼化铪的晶体结构预测与构效关系基因

利用基于进化算法的晶体结构预测软件USPEX,并结合第一性原理方法对HfB的稳定晶体结构进行全局搜索。在基态条件下,新发现2个HfB晶体结构（空间群：P6m2和R3m）。其中,P6m2结构比已报道的HfB晶体结构（空间群：Pnma、Cmcm、I4₁/amd和Fm3m）具有更低的基态能量。这些结构中,B原子分别以二维类石墨烯（P6m2和R3m结构）,zig-zag链（Pnma、Cmcm和4₁/amd结构）和孤立原子（Fm3m结构）₃种形式存在,从而导致它们具有显著的化学键合特征、高温稳定性和强韧特性差异。     

General conditions for non-normality of risk areas

Let R_p be the option with brings success with probability p and failure with probability l?p, and let R′ be the riskless option. The risk area is the set of probabilities p for which R_p is better than R′. A risk area A is said to be normal, if p ∈ A and p′ > p imply p′ ∈A. The paper shows that under very general conditions the non-normal risk areas will appear (for suitable values of rewards and losses) in all classes of situations, except those covered by the SEU model.     

A definition of subjective possibility

Based on the setting of exchangeable bets, this paper proposes a subjectivist view of numerical possibility theory. It relies on the assumption that when an agent constructs a probability measure by assigning prices to lotteries, this probability measure is actually induced by a belief function representing the agent’s actual state of knowledge. We also assume that the probability measure proposed by the agent in the course of the elicitation procedure is constructed via the so-called pignistic transformation (mathematically equivalent to the Shapley value in game theory). We pose and solve the problem of finding the least informative belief function having a given pignistic probability. We prove that it is unique and consonant, thus induced by a possibility distribution. This result exploits a simple informational ordering, in agreement with partial orderings between belief functions, comparing their information content. The obtained possibility distribution is subjective in the same sense as in the subjectivist school in probability theory. However, we claim that it is the least biased representation of the agent’s state of knowledge compatible with the observed betting behaviour.     

“走出去”对企业产能利用率的影响—来自“一带一路”倡议准自然实验的证据

通过使用2010—2018年中国上市企业数据,基于“一带一路”倡议准自然实验,运用单时点和多时点双重差分法,考察了“走出去”对企业产能利用率的影响。基准估计和稳健性检验的结果表明,“一带一路”倡议作为中国新时期“走出去”的重要战略,显著地提升了企业的产能利用率,对外直接投资和海外工程建设都是有效的途径。异质性分析显示,“一带一路”倡议提升产能利用率的效应,在国有企业、高生产率企业、资本密集度低的企业和非出口企业中表现得更为突出。为了揭示传导机制,通过进一步理论建模分析,结果显示,“一带一路”通过降低调整成本、缓解信息不对称,以及削弱政府的规模偏好,提升了企业的产能利用率。