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91.
Hollow particles with interconnected cavities have been prepared by a simple modified suspension polymerization of acrylate monomers in the incorporation of a phase inversion process and polymerizable emulsifier. The morphology of particles has been characterized by scanning electron micrographs (SEMs). Based on observations made using an optical microscope equipped with a digital camera and SEM images of particles obtained under different conditions, the formation mechanisms for multiporous hollow particles are discussed. 相似文献
92.
C. Devaux J.P. Chapel E. Beyou Ph. Chaumont 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2002,7(4):345-352
Thin layers of polystyrene were grown from surface-grafted nitroxide initiators via controlled “living” free radical polymerization.
The “reactive” Langmuir-Blodgett deposition method allowed an effective control of the initiator layer density leading to
PS brushes with different and high grafting density and stretching. The influence of the grafting density on the layer structure
was studied. Comparison with theoretical predictions for monodispersed brushes in bad solvent was discussed. The thickness
was found to vary linearly with molecular weight and the density dependence was shown using wetting measurements. Special
features of controlled radical nitroxide polymerization from a surface were discussed. A direct comparison of the molecular
weight and polydispersity between surface and bulk polymers was made by de-grafting the brushes into a toluene/HF solution.
Finally, some evidence of a “surface Fischer” effect was shown from re-initiated layers.
Received 20 December 2001 相似文献
93.
94.
E. A. Sokolov S. D. Babenko N. P. Piven’ A. N. Ponomarev 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1997,46(4):826-828
Experimental results related to the transition of spontaneous polymerization of acrylamide complexes with metal nitrates to
the “explosive” regime at room temperature are presented. It is suggested that the “explosion” has a thermal nature.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 859–861, April, 1997. 相似文献
95.
A series of unsaturated polyesters based on phthalic anhydride (PHA), maleic anhydride (MA), ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DG), triethylene glycol (TG), propylene glycol (PG), styrene (Sty) and acrylonitrile (AN) were prepared. The molecular weights of the prepared polyesters were determined by end-group analysis. The effect of the structure of the resin on its curing behavior has been investigated. On the basis of the experimental study, the following were concluded: (1) The maximum curing temperature (Tmax) is related to the molecular weight of the glycol incorporated in these castings. In this context the Tmax was found to decrease with increasing the molecular weight. Meanwhile the time to peak temperature tmax was increasing. (2) The higher the percentage of AN in the crosslinking monomer system, the slower a resin cures. (3) The values of Tmax were found to be influenced to a large extent by the percentage of AN. 相似文献
96.
Piotr Dobrzynski 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(8):1886-1900
Lactide polymerization using zirconium(IV) acetylacetonate [Zr(acac)4] as an initiator was investigated. In the reaction between Zr(acac)4 and the monomer molecule, lactide deprotonation and the release of acetylacetone occurred. The structures of the obtained complexes were analyzed with high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy. A computational method was used to calculate the hypothetical structures. The role of the obtained complexes in the initiation of polymerization and the reaction of chain growth was proposed. The influence of the reaction temperature on the structures of the complexes was investigated. Polylactide chain growth proceeded by an insertion‐coordination mechanism. The polymer chain grew on one ligand, which was formed in advance from a deprotonated lactide. The molecular masses of the obtained polymers were the same as the theoretical masses and were directly proportional to the reaction conversion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1886–1900, 2004 相似文献
97.
In the reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of two monomers, even with the simple terminal model, there are two kinds of macroradical and two kinds of polymeric RAFT agent with different R groups. Because the structure of the R group could exert a significant influence on the RAFT process, RAFT copolymerization may behave differently from RAFT homopolymerization. The RAFT copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) in miniemulsion was investigated. The performance of the RAFT copolymerization of MMA/St in miniemulsion was found to be dependent on the feed monomer compositions. When St is dominant in the feed monomer composition, RAFT copolymerization is well controlled in the whole range of monomer conversion. However, when MMA is dominant, RAFT copolymerization may be, in some cases, out of control in the late stage of copolymerization, and characterized by a fast increase in the polydispersity index (PDI). The RAFT process was found to have little influence on composition evolution during copolymerization. The synthesis of the well‐defined gradient copolymers and poly[St‐b‐(St‐co‐MMA)] block copolymer by RAFT miniemulsion copolymerization was also demonstrated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6248–6258, 2004 相似文献
98.
Christopher K. Yee‐Chan Robert C. Scogna Richard A. Register 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(10):1198-1204
In the idealized two‐phase model of a semicrystalline polymer, the amorphous intercrystalline layers are considered to have the same properties as the fully‐amorphous polymer. In reality, these thin intercrystalline layers can be substantially influenced by the presence of the crystals, as individual polymer molecules traverse both crystalline and amorphous phases. In polymers with rigid backbone units, such as poly(etheretherketone), PEEK, previous work has shown this coupling to be particularly severe; the glass transition temperature (Tg) can be elevated by tens of degrees celsius, with the magnitude of the elevation correlating directly with the thinness of the amorphous layer. However, this connection has not been explored for flexible‐chain polymers, such as those formed from vinyl‐type monomers. Here, we examine Tg in both isotactic polystyrene (iPS) and syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS), crystallized under conditions that produce a range of amorphous layer thicknesses. Tg is indeed shown to be elevated relative to fully‐amorphous iPS and sPS, by an amount that correlates with the thinness of the amorphous layer; the magnitude of the effect is severalfold less than that in PEEK, consistent with the minimum lengths of polymer chain required to make a fold in the different cases. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1198–1204, 2007 相似文献
99.
Summary Two polyampholyte copolymers based on sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methylsulfonate (NaAMPS) and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium
chloride (MADQUAT) have been prepared either in homogeneous solution or by an inverse microemulsion polymerization technique.
The copolymer microstructure was shown to depend on the method of preparation. The microemulsion polymerization yields copolymers
with a monomer sequence distribution not far from random while those obtained by polymerization in solution have a strong
tendency to alternation. The aqueous-solution properties of the two samples have been investigated by viscometry. The results
show that the charge distribution along the copolymer chain affects considerably its conformation, in good agreement with
recent theoretical studies.
Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994 相似文献
100.
The nature of the propagation center in the cationic polymerization of N-benzoyl-8-octanelactam initiated by octanoylium hexachlcroantimonate, SbCl5, and Ph3CAsF6 in perdeuterated tetrachloroethane or its mixture with o-dichlorobenzene was studied using 1H, 13C, 19F, 31P, 75As, and 121Sb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of model oligomers and the products of their end-capping with triphenylphosphine. In all cases, the nature of the propagation center has been found to be of an acylium ion pair with an SbCl6? or AsF6? counterion coordinated with the nearest benzoylamide group and cosolvated by the solvent. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献