THE STEP-TRANSITION OPERATORS FOR MULTI-STEP METHODS OF ODE'S

1.'IntroductionThedisad~ageofsymplecticmethodsinusingtheinformationfrompasttimestepsleadstotheirneedingmorefunctionevaluationthannonsymplecticmethods.Thisdisadvantagecanbeovercomeifonecouldconstructsymplecticmulti-stepmethods.But'theaestProblemshouldbesolvedistogiveoutthedefinitionofsymplecticmultistepmethod.Ulltilnow,apopularideaisthatanm-stepmethodonMmaybewrittenasaone-stepmethodonMa.Inpaper12,71,theauthorshaveinvestigatedthecircumstanceunderWhichadifferenceschemecanpreservetheproductsympl…     

ON THE CONVERGENCE OF THE RELAXATION METHODS FOR POSITIVE DEFINITE LINEAR SYSTEMS

1.IntroductionTheclassicaliterativemethods,suchastheJacobimethod,theGauss-SeidelmethodandtheSORmethod,aswellastheirsymmetrizedvariants,playanimportantroleforsolvingthelargesparsesystemoflinearequationsInaccordancewiththebasicextrapolationprincipleofthelineariterativemethod,Hadjidimos[1]furtherproposedaclassofacceleratedoverrelaxation(AOR)methodforsolyingthelinearsystem(1.1)in1978.Thismethodincludestwoarbitraryparameters,andtheirsuitablechoicesnotonlycannaturallyrecovertheJacobi,theGauss-S…     

Statistical mechanics of warm and cold unfolding in proteins

We present a statistical mechanics treatment of the stability of globular proteins which takes explicitly into account the coupling between the protein and water degrees of freedom. This allows us to describe both the cold and the warm unfolding, thus qualitatively reproducing the known thermodynamics of proteins. Received: 19 March 1998 / Revised and Accepted: 25 May 1998     

Recoil distance half-life measurements of the excited states in 145Sm

A recoil distance method was used to measure half-lives of the excited states of ₁₄₅Sm. The reaction used was ₁₃₉La(₁₀B, 4n)₁₄₅Sm. A plunger system was used. Half-lives were determined for two excited states for the first time. The yrast 27/2₊ state was found to have a half-life of 1.1 ± 0.2 ns corresponding to the retardation of 3.1 × 10₋₄ comparing with the single particle estimate of M1. The excitation energy of this state was well reproduced by the shell model calculation having a mixed configuration of [π{h^11/2(g^7/2)₋₂ (d^5/2)₋₁}¹⁰⁻, νf^7/2] + [π{h^11/2(g^7/2)₋₁}⁹⁻,νh^9/2]. Another retarded E1 transition was also found in a decay of a 21/2₊ state. Its retardation was 1.6 × 10₋₄ comparing with the single particle value. Received: 9 September 1997 / Revised version: 12 June 1998     

Pseudo-spin as a relativistic symmetry

The existence of broken pseudo-spin symmetry in the Pb nucleus has been studied in the relativistic mean field approach using realistic Lagrangian parameters. Its relationship to spin orbit splitting and the vanishingly small surface delta character of the mean spin orbit potential are investigated. In the ²⁰⁸Pb nucleus the broken pseudo-spin doublets are found to exist above the neutron (proton) Fermi surfaces. Received: 16 April 1998 / Revised version: 26 June 1998     

Lightness Change as Perceived in Relation to the Size of Recognized Visual Space of Illumination

According to the concept of the recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) the lightness of an object surface is perceived in relation to its conceptualized size. To prove this proposition the lightness of gray test patches was judged when they were located at various positions inside an illuminated space composed of two rooms in the depth direction from a subject. No retinal image arrangement was changed in the test patch and its immediate surroundings, but the front room had walls, floors and furniture lower in lightness by the amount of N1.5 than the back room to make the RVSI of the former smaller despite the illuminance in the entire space being the same. The results showed that the apparent lightness of the patches was perceived higher by amount of about 13 in L units for the N4 test patch and about 20 for N6 when the patches were located in the front room, in accordance with the prediction. It was stressed that the experiment of lightness judgment should be conducted in a three dimensional space rather than two dimensional plane as done by several investigators.     

Slowing down in the three-dimensional three-state Potts glass with nearest neighbor exchange ± J: A Monte Carlo study

,Static and dynamic properties of the Potts model on the simple cubic lattice with nearest neighbor -interaction are obtained from Monte Carlo simulations in a temperature range where full thermal equilibrium still can be achieved (). For a lattice size L = 16, in this range finite size effects are still negligible, but the data for the spin glass susceptibility agree with previous extrapolations based on finite size scaling of very small lattices. While the static properties are compatible with a zero temperature transition, they certainly do not prove it. Unlike the Ising spin glass, the decay of the time-dependent order parameter is compatible with a simple Kohlrausch function, , while a power law prefactor cannot be distinguished. The Kohlrausch exponent y ( T ) decreases from at [0pt] to at [0pt] however. The relaxation time is compatible with the exponential divergence postulated by McMillan for spin glasses at their lower critical dimension, but the exponent that can be extracted still differs significantly from the theoretical value, . Thus the present results support the conclusion that the Potts spin glass in d = 3 dimensions differs qualitatively from the Ising spin glass. Received: 8 October 1997 / Accepted: 27 November 1997     

Surface effects in field-induced smectic transitions

We study the surface behavior of a semi-infinite smectogenic sample bounded by a solid wall, in the presence of an external electric field. Our analysis is performed in the framework of a Landau-de Gennes theory. For the sake of simplicity, we consider only the case in which, in the absence of field and surfaces, a direct isotropic to smectic-A transition occurs, while in the presence of the electric field a nonspontaneous nematic phase appears. Two new surface phases are identified, namely a parasmectic and a surface-induced smectic phase. The shifts in the transition temperatures and the critical behavior of the surface states are analyzed. Received: 25 August 1997 / Accepted: 23 January 1998     

狭义相对论效应──运动时钟变慢的计算机模拟演示实验

利用精炼的C语言进行程序设计，定量模拟狭义相结论的运动时钟变慢，并对处于两种不同时空观的时钟运行进行对比，使得时间膨胀效应变得直观。