高分子量立构复合结晶的三枝化PPO-PDLA-PLLA嵌段共聚物

以三枝化低不饱和度聚环氧丙烷(PPO)引发D-丙交酯(D-LA)逐步开环聚合, 合成了三枝化聚环氧丙烷-聚右旋乳酸(PPO-PDLA)共聚物. 用辛酸亚锡Sn(Oct)₂与PPO-PDLA端羟基反应进行Sn(Oct)封端, 制备了三枝化PPO-PDLA-Sn(Oct)预聚物. 再于130 ℃下, 以其作为大分子引发剂与L-丙交酯(L-LA)开环聚合, 合成了分子量>10⁵的三枝化PPO-PDLA-PLLA嵌段共聚物. 活性端基的引入, 降低了聚合反应温度, 从而降低了聚合中的酯交换或热降解反应发生的概率. 实现了高分子量PPO-PDLA-PLLA嵌段共聚物的合成. 结构测试结果表明, 合成的嵌段共聚物具有分子结构易控及立构规整度高等特点. 在结晶-熔融-再结晶重复热处理下, 三枝化PPO-PDLA-PLLA嵌段共聚物仅发生立构复合聚乳酸结晶, 且结晶能力稳定.     

多肽在贵金属纳米粒子制备中的应用

由于具有与大块固体相迥异的性能,贵金属纳米粒子的制备与应用已经成为当前纳米、材料技术领域研究的热点。由于组成成分较多、包含各种活性基团、序列可调,并且很多多肽可生物降解、生物兼容、具有生物活性和特异性识别性能,多肽在贵金属纳米粒子制备中的应用也越来越受到人们的重视。本文从多肽作为还原剂还原贵金属盐; 多肽作为保护剂/调控剂制备不同尺寸/形貌的贵金属纳米粒子; 多肽作为引导剂规则排列贵金属纳米粒子; 多肽作为贵金属纳米粒子组装的模板以及多肽在贵金属表面的吸附、多肽的自组装和如何获取所需要的多肽序列等几个方面综述了近年来多肽在贵金属纳米粒子制备中的应用。最后简述了利用多肽制备的贵金属纳米粒子在纳米、材料技术领域中的应用,并提出了当前该领域中存在的一些不足及研究展望。     

Study on influences of TiN capping layer on time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristic of ultra-thin EOT high-k metal gate NMOSFET with kMC TDDB simulations

The thickness effect of the TiN capping layer on the time dependent dielectric breakdown(TDDB) characteristic of ultra-thin EOT high-k metal gate NMOSFET is investigated in this paper.Based on experimental results,it is found that the device with a thicker TiN layer has a more promising reliability characteristic than that with a thinner TiN layer.From the charge pumping measurement and secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS) analysis,it is indicated that the sample with the thicker TiN layer introduces more Cl passivation at the IL/Si interface and exhibits a lower interface trap density.In addition,the influences of interface and bulk trap density ratio N_(it)/N_(ot) are studied by TDDB simulations through combining percolation theory and the kinetic Monte Carlo(kMC) method.The lifetime reduction and Weibull slope lowering are explained by interface trap effects for TiN capping layers with different thicknesses.     

最短α-螺旋的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31+G**水平下的溶剂中优化得到4个残基长和5个残基长的α-螺旋. 计算得到的骨架构象与蛋白质晶体结构的统计结果符合得很好. 类似于一般的较长α-螺旋, 观察到了C-端的散开. 对很短的聚丙氨酸肽链, 从焓上看310-螺旋明显比α-螺旋稳定, 然而熵效应不利于310-螺旋结构. 螺旋N2(N-端第二个残基)位上天冬氨酸侧链的加盖(Capping)效应明显使α-螺旋相对310-螺旋更加稳定. 因而, 在同样长度下α-螺旋比310-螺旋多的统计结果能够被理解. 另外, 最短的α-螺旋的C-端倾向于以β-转角结构结束.     

Nonfunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthetic Routes and Synthesis Condition Dependence

Since Faraday first described gold sol synthesis, synthetic routes to nanoparticles, as well as their applications, have experienced a huge growth. Variations in synthesis conditions such as pH, temperature, reduction, and the stabilizing agent used will determine the morphology, size, monodispersity, and stability of nanoparticles obtained, allowing for modulation of their physical and chemical properties. Although many studies have been made about the synthesis and characterization of individual nanosystems of interest, to our knowledge the common, general traits that all those synthesis share have not been previously compiled. In this review, we aim to offer a global vision of some of the most relevant synthetic procedures reported up to date, with a special focus on nonfunctionalized gold nanoparticle synthetic routes in aqueous media, and to display a broad overview of the influence that synthesis conditions have on the shape, stability, and reactivity of nanoparticle systems.     

含硫帽的三核和四核钌羰基簇合物的合成和结构表征

The reaction of Ru₃(CO)₁₂ with five-membered cyclic SP(S)(Fc)N(Ph)NC(Me) gave two novel trinuclear and tetranuclear ruthenium carbonyl clusters containing capping S atoms in Ru₃(CO)₈(μ₃-S)₂[P(Fc)N(Ph)NC(Me)S] 1 and Ru₄(CO)₇(μ-CO)₃(μ₄-S)₂[P(Fc)N(Ph)NC(Me)S] 2 (Fc=C₅H₅FeC₅H₄). During the reaction, the ligand precursor cleaved only in its P=S bond to give the fragments S and [P(Fc)N(Ph)NC(Me)S], and then coordinated to the ruthenium atoms to form the clusters as listed above. The clusters have been characterized by elementary analysis, IR, ¹H NMR and MS spectroscopy. The crystal structure of cluster 2 has been determined by X-ary diffraction techniques. The crystal belongs to monoclinic with space group P2₁/c. The unit cell parameters are as follows: a=1.18744(7) nm, b=1.36041(11) nm, c=2.20026(18) nm, β=104.126(3) °, V=3.4468(5) nm³, D_c=2.175 g·cm^-3, Z=4. In the molecule, the three bridging carbonyls and Ru4 are planar and with a pseudo-octahedral Ru₄S₂ skeleton. The terminal carbonyl of Ru1 was substituted by the cyclic ligand [P(Fc)N(Ph)NC(Me)S]. CCDC: 217076.     

Synthesis of novel interlocked systems utilizing a palladium complex with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide-based tridentate macrocyclic ligand

A new protocol for the high yield synthesis of interlocked molecules is described. Palladium(II) complex including a 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide-based tridentate macrocycle 2 was allowed to react with a 2,6-disubstituted pyridine derivative bearing two hydroxyl groups at both termini 3b to yield the corresponding Pd(II) complex 4b quantitatively. An acid catalyzed end-capping of 4b with a bulky isocyanate gave Pd(II) complex 5b in 96% yield, which was treated with carbon monoxide to afford [2]rotaxane 6b quantitatively.     

Bridged Calix[6]arenes

Bridging including capping of calix[6]arene is not only an importantroute to synthesize new host molecules, but also an efficient route to reduce the mobility of conformationof calix[6]arene. This article reviews the syntheses, conformations and complexation behavior of this kindof host molecules.     

A Quantitative Analysis of the Reduction Kinetics Involved in the Synthesis of Au@Pd Concave Nanocubes

Surface capping has been shown to play a pivotal role in controlling the evolution of metal nanocrystals into different shapes or morphologies. With the synthesis of Au@Pd concave nanocubes as an example, here we demonstrate that the capping agent can also impact the reduction kinetics of a precursor, and thereby its reduction pathway, for the formation of metal nanocrystals with distinct morphologies. A typical synthesis involves the reduction of a Pd^II precursor by ascorbic acid at room temperature in the presence of Au nanospheres as seeds, together with the use of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent. In the case of CTAC, the Pd^II precursor prevails as PdCl₄²⁻, leading to the formation of Au@Pd concave nanocubes with a rough surface because of the fast reduction kinetics and thus the dominance of solution reduction pathway. When switched to CTAB, the Pd^II precursor changes to PdBr₄²⁻ that features slow reduction kinetics and surface reduction pathway. Accordingly, the Au@Pd concave nanocubes take a smooth surface. This work demonstrates that both reduction kinetics and surface capping play important roles in controlling the morphology of metal nanocrystals and these two roles are often coupled to each other.