Synthesis of 8-deoxypumiliotoxin 193H and 9-deoxyhomopumiliotoxin 207O

The asymmetric synthesis of 8-deoxypumiliotoxin 193H and 9-deoxyhomopumiliotoxin 207O has been achieved, starting from both enantiomers of (+)- and (?)-10. Enantiomerically pure alcohols (+)- and (?)-10 were obtained by lipase-mediated kinetic resolution of racemic 10, which was prepared in 3 steps from new lactam-type building block (?)-8 in a highly stereoselective manner.     

高校化学实验室易制毒化学品管理工作探索

高校化学实验室是集教学、科研以及培养专业人才为一体的实验场所,实行开放式管理,具有使用频率高、人员集中且流动性大等特点。易制毒化学品是化学实验室常用的药品,其安全管理具有一定的挑战性。针对当前高校易制毒化学品管理工作中存在的若干普遍性问题,本文从内部健全科学、有效、简洁的易制毒化学品管理制度,设立易制毒化学品库房,实行专人专管,采取随领随取的发放模式,同时为每位教师建立易制毒化学品资金账簿并有专人定期巡视检查等多项举措,对易制毒化学品使用的全过程进行有效监管。既方便、满足了教学与科研合理使用的需求,同时又防范杜绝了违规使用的出现。     

Monitoring tissue inflammation and responses to drug treatments in early stages of mice bone fracture using 50 MHz ultrasound

Bone fracture induces moderate inflammatory responses that are regulated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) or 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) for initiating tissue repair and bone formation. Only a handful of non-invasive techniques focus on monitoring acute inflammation of injured bone currently exists. In the current study, we monitored in vivo inflammation levels during the initial 2 weeks of the inflammatory stage after mouse bone fracture utilizing 50 MHz ultrasound. The acquired ultrasonic images were correlated well with histological examinations. After the bone fracture in the tibia, dynamic changes in the soft tissue at the medial-posterior compartment near the fracture site were monitored by ultrasound on the days of 0, 2, 4, 7, and 14. The corresponding echogenicity increased on the 2nd, 4th, and 7th day, and subsequently declined to basal levels after the 14th day. An increase of cell death was identified by the positive staining of deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and was consistent with ultrasound measurements. The increases of both COX-2 and Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT₁, 5-LO-relative receptor), which are regulators for tissue inflammation, in the immunohistochemistry staining revealed their involvement in bone fracture injury. Monitoring the inflammatory response to various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) treatments was investigated by treating injured mice with a daily oral intake of aspirin (Asp), indomethacin (IND), and a selective COX-2 inhibitor (SC-236). The Asp treatment significantly reduced fracture-increased echogenicity (hyperechogenicity, p < 0.05) in ultrasound images as well as inhibited cell death, and expression of COX-2 and BLT₁. In contrast, treatment with IND or SC-236 did not reduce the hyperechogenicity, as confirmed by cell death (TUNEL) and expression levels of COX-2 or BLT₁. Taken together, the current study reports the feasibility of a non-invasive ultrasound method capable of monitoring post-fracture tissue inflammation that positively correlates with histological findings. Results of this study also suggest that this approach may be further applied to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory processes and to develop therapeutic strategies for facilitating fracture healing.     

Detecting strong cliques

A strong clique in a graph is a clique intersecting every maximal independent set. We study the computational complexity of six algorithmic decision problems related to strong cliques in graphs and almost completely determine their complexity in the classes of chordal graphs, weakly chordal graphs, line graphs and their complements, and graphs of maximum degree at most three. Our results rely on connections with matchings and relate to several graph properties studied in the literature, including well-covered graphs, localizable graphs, and general partition graphs.     

漫谈《大学物理学》教材建设

介绍了作者在编写《大学物理学》教材时的构思和编写情况.以课程建设的目标为指导思想,阐述了在教材编写过程中如何突出科学思想和方法、如何理论联系实际、如何全面展示我们周围的物质世界,以使学生在学习物理学知识的同时把物理学当作一门科学素质教育课程来学习;同时也介绍了在教材编写过程中借鉴国外优秀教材之长,从版面色彩、教材体例和文字叙述等各个方面进行综合处理,以达到新编教材具有通俗性、趣味性以及亲和作用的特色,使这套教材不仅使教师便于讲授,更有助于学生的自学和阅读.     

基于中国大学MOOC和超星学习通平台的化学与社会课程在线教学实践

采用国家精品在线开放课程作为课程资源、超星学习通作为智慧教学工具,成功开展了化学与社会课程在线教学。实践表明,基于MOOC和超星学习通相结合的在线教学形式受到了学生的欢迎,参与积极性高,教学效果良好。