德国有机化学实验项目式教学实践与启示*——以康斯坦茨大学为例

对德国康斯坦茨大学的本科有机化学实验初级阶段和高级阶段的教学方式,从实验前准备、实验内容、实验教学模式、实验考核方式、实验室安全管理等方面进行了综合阐述,可为我国高校相关专业有机化学实验教学与改革提供参考,提高教学质量。     

结合PBL的思维导图法在大学化学“四大平衡”教学中的应用

Taking the chemical equilibria including acid-base equilibrium, complexation equilibrium, precipitation equilibrium and redox equilibrium as an example, the application of the mind mapping combined with problem-based learning in university chemistry teaching is introduced.     

A theoretical approach to substituent effects: Stabilities and conformational preferences in β-substituted ethyl radicals

Ab initio molecular orbital theory is used to study substituent effects in a series of β-substituted Et radicals XCH₂CH₂. For X = BH₂ (plan.), CH₃, NH₂, OH and F, only slight conformational preferences and weak stabilizations are indicated. Such behaviour may be rationalized, using a PMO model, in terms of opposing changes, accompanying variation in X, in positive and negative hyperconjugation between the XCH₂ group and the CH₂ centre. On the other hand, for groups containing an appropriately oriented, low-lying vacant orbital, viz. X = Li, BeH and BH₂ (perp.), there is a pronounced preference for the perpendicular conformation of the radical. This is attributed to 1,3-interaction between the singly-occupied 2p(C) orbital and the vacant 2p(X) orbital.     

无机化学教材建设的传承、发展与创新

回顾了吉林大学无机化学学科教材建设的历史,从恢复高考招生制度后我国的第一部无机化学教材的编写,到该书第2版、第3版的修订,到配套的无机化学实验教材及无机化学习题集、无机化学习题解答的编写,处处凝结着无机化学教师们智慧的结晶,形成了厚重的历史积淀。随着新世纪的到来,顺应新时代要求、新兴的编者队伍在教学实践中成长壮大,编写出全新的无机化学教材。经过几代教师的努力,无机化学教材不断发展和完善,形成了多层次、系统性、立体化、高质量的精品无机化学教材体系,可满足不同层次、不同专业、不同教学计划的需求,在全国高校无机化学教学活动中发挥了重要作用。     

Disappearance of the heat capacity peak of Sc3In around the curie temperature in high magnetic fields

The low temperature (1.3–20.0 K) heat capacity of the weak itinerant electron ferromagnet Sc₃In was measured in magnetic fields up to ～ 10 T. The heat capacity peak observed around T_c = 6.0 K in zero field becomes smaller with increasing fields and at 9.98 T its magnetic entropy is ≈ 18% of the zero field value. Above T_c, the spin fluctuation contribution to the heat capacity, which is enhanced by the magnetic field at lower fields (?5 T), is quenched at higher fields (?5 T). This depression of the spin fluctuation contibution to the heat capacity by the high magnetic fields occurs at lower magnetic fields than had been considered possible heretofore. Our results suggest that the itinerant ferromagnetism is Sc₃In is completely quenched at 12 T.     

Energy and angular differential cross sections for K + NO2 charge transfer reactions

Doubly differential cross sections, in energy and angle, are reported for the electron transfer reaction between potassium and nitrogen dioxide in a crossed beam apparatus at relative collision energies between 2.7 and 30.8 eV. The formation of NO^?₂ in its ground ¹A₁ and excited ³B₁ state has been observed. Theoretical consideration of these processes indicates that bond bending during the collision has a stronger influence on ion-pair formation than bond stretching. At the lower collision energies most of the excess energy is converted into internal energy of NO^?₂.     

A case for large Auger recombination cross sections associated with deep centers in semiconductors

It is argued that the recent quantitative results concerning localized defects in semiconductors (e.g. GaAs) are consistent with the possibility of large Auger-type cross sections associated with recombination at these centers.It is proposed that many of the capture cross sections reported to be in the range 10^?13–10^?16cm², which exhibit only weak temperature dependence, and which do not depend on carrier concentration, might be explained by this mechanism.     

Gehinderte ligandenbewegungen in übergangsmetallkomplexen : V. 1H-NMR-untersuchung der bewegungen des olefinliganden in cyclopentadienyl-mangan-dicarbonyl-tetramethoxyäthylen

The methoxy signals in the ¹H NMR spectrum of cyclopentadienylmanganese dicarbonyl tetramethoxyethylene, C₅H₅Mn(CO)₂[C₂(OCH₃)₄], show a definite temperature-dependence. In CS₂ solution the variations of the signals are observed within a single temperature range, while in toluene-d₈ two regions of change are found to exist. These data are explained on the basis of two mutually independent ligand movements: a hindered rotation of the olefin ligand around the metalligand bond (ΔG³₁₉₄ = 9.8 ± 0.6 kcal/mol), and a hindered movement of the four methoxy groups (ΔG³₂₆₃ = 13.8 ± 0.3 kcal/mol, both in toluene-d₈. Chiral conformations of the ligand are assumed to be formed when the movement of the methoxy substituents ceases.     

The crystal structure of bicyclo [3.3.3]undecane-1,5-diol and the conformation of bicyclo[3.3.3]undecane (manxane)

The crystal structure of bicyclo [3.3.3]undecane-1,5-diol has been determined. It is monoclinic, P2₁/c, a = 12.99(2), b = 14.16(2), c = 12.50(1)A,β = 112.42(2)°, with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. One of these is disordered, but the other has almost exact C_3h symmetry and its conformation and precise molecular geometry agree well with previous calculations by molecular mechanics. The molecule shows considerable angle strain, having bridge angles in the range 118–121°