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111.
M. Ghoranneviss A. Shokouhy M. M. Larijani S. H. Haji Hosseini M. Yari A. Anvari M. Gholipur Shahraki A. H. Sari M. R. Hantehzadeh 《Pramana》2007,68(1):135-140
This work presents the results of a low-energy nitrogen ion implantation of AISI 304 type stainless steel (SS) at a moderate
temperature of about 500°C. The nitrogen ions are extracted from a Kauffman-type ion source at an energy of 30 keV, and ion
current density of 100 μA cm−2. Nitrogen ion concentration of 6 × 1017, 8 × 1017 and 1018 ions cm−2, were selected for our study. The X-ray diffraction results show the formation of CrN polycrystalline phase after nitrogen
bombardment and a change of crystallinity due to the change in nitrogen ion concentration. The secondary ion mass spectrometry
(SIMS) results show the formation of CrN phases too. Corrosion test has shown that corrosion resistance is enhanced by increasing
nitrogen ion concentration.
相似文献
112.
A. Chaudhury R. Khatirkar N.N. Viswanathan V. Singal A. Ingle S. Joshi I. Samajdar 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2007
Commercial supply, from several steel manufacturers, of low-silicon non-grain-oriented electrical steel was monitored over a span of several years. A total of 51 samples were selected—selected from many hundreds on the basis of large differences in magnetic properties, but absence of significant variations in chemistry (other than differences in silicon percentage). The selected samples were analyzed for crystallographic texture and for grain size. 相似文献
113.
Thin high-carbon iron films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition onto grids for transmission electron microscopy using pre-combined carbon/iron targets with equal area ratio. The deposited films of about 20 nm in thickness were directly characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The films showed a variety of phases, surprisingly also including the NaCl-type FeC phase, which was theoretically predicted in the literature. For comparison, thin high-carbon stainless-steel films were deposited onto oxidized Si wafers with different carbon ratios in the targets (10, 20, 40 and 50 at.%). These films were characterized by means of Mössbauer Spectroscopy, the magneto-optical Kerr-effect, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. With these methods clearly defined multilayer-structures were observed which could lead to interesting magneto-resistance phenomena if the thickness of the multilayers can be controlled by the processing parameters. 相似文献
114.
This study examines the use of some 4H-triazole derivatives, namely 3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (DHT), 3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (4-PHT) and 3,5-bis(4-methyltiophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (4-MTHT) for corrosion and dissolution protection of mild steel in normal hydrochloric acid solution. The inhibiting efficiency of the different additives is evaluated by means of weight loss and electrochemical techniques such as ac impedance measurements and polarisation curves. The experimental results obtained reveal that 4-MTHT is the best effective inhibitor and the inhibition efficiency is found to be in the following order: 4-MTHT > 4-PHT > DHT. The variation in inhibitive efficiency mainly depends on the type and nature of the substituents present in the inhibitor molecule. Polarisation curves show that theses triazoles are mixed-type inhibitors in 1 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency increases with 4H-triazole derivatives concentration and attains the maximum value of 99.6% in the case of 4-MTHT at 5 × 10−4 M. The results obtained from weight loss electrochemical studies were in reasonable agreement. The adsorption of 4H-triazole derivatives on the steel surface obeys to the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic data of adsorption and activation are determined and discussed. The fundamental thermodynamic functions were used to glean important information about the 4H-triazoles inhibitory behaviour. Molecular modeling was used to get better insight, about structural and electronic effects in relation to the inhibition efficiencies. 相似文献
115.
WC/steel composites fabricated by electro-slag melting and casting were re-melted by transverse flow CO2 laser. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the microstructure evolution in laser melted layer. It was found that the laser-affected zone has three distinguished zones, the melted, transient and heat affected zone. The phases of the melted zone were composed of WC, Fe3W3C, (Cr,Fe)7C3, martensite and retained austenite. The microstructure evolution in the melted zone was represented by the transformation of three parts including the steel matrix, WC particles cluster and dispersed carbides. A significant reactant was herringbone eutectic carbide of Fe3W3C. The effect of laser scanning rate was mainly behaved in affecting the melt depth, microstructure of transient zone and dissolution of medium carbides. In comparison with the substrate, the melted zone has much higher microhardness. 相似文献
116.
A.H. Khan S. Celotto L. Tunna W. ONeill C.J. Sutcliffe 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2007,45(6):709-718
This paper reports on etching rates and hole quality for nanosecond laser percussion drilling of 200-μm thick 316L stainless steel performed with micro supersonic gas jets. The assist-gas jets were produced using nozzles of 200, 300 and 500 μm nominal throat diameters. Air and oxygen were used separately for the process gas in the drilling trials and the drilling performance was compared to drilling in ambient conditions. The highest etch rate of 1.2 μm per pulse was obtained in the ambient atmosphere condition, but this was reduced by about 50% with assist-air jets from the 200 μm nozzle. Increasing the jet diameter and/or using oxygen assist gas also decreased the etching rate and increased the hole diameter. The 200 μm nozzle using air-assist jets produced the least amount of recast and gave the best compromise for etching rate. A combination of plasma shielding and different gas dynamic conditions inside the holes and at the surface are correlated to the observations of different drilling rates and hole characteristics. 相似文献
117.
用俄歇能谱仪对比研究了添加0.2%Y对高硅不锈钢在93%H2SO4介质中所形成的钝化膜中各元素浓度分布的影响,添加0.2%Y增大了SiO2在不锈钢钝化膜中的比例,从而使合金中Si可充分形成富SiO2的钝化膜。 相似文献
118.
In the present article, the relationships between oxidation processes, surface strains and the microstructure of duplex stainless steels were investigated. Specimens were oxidized at 500 °C under secondary vacuum for 1 h to form a thin oxide film (thickness in the range of 20–50 nm). Such specimens were considered as the model system for developing novel methods of analysis in understanding the behavior of passive films. The interfacial strain field after oxidation was measured experimentally at the microscale using the point grid method. On the other hand, the chemical composition of the oxide film was determined at the submicroscopic scale by means of local scanning Auger spectroscopy (with a spot diameter of 50 nm). Local variations of the chemical composition of the oxide film were analyzed according to the specimen microstructure and the strain field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
119.
Losses in laminated non-oriented steel under the effect of two high harmonic clusters, caused by voltage excitation typical of two-level pulse-with-modulated (PWM) DC-link and space-vector modulated (SVM) matrix converters, were analyzed. The predicting method proposed, which incorporates anisotropy of loss Ka and grain size gs, describes the magnetizing process within the steel by the means of Poisson statistical distribution. Results are then compared to losses determined by Bertotti's model. The two methods confirmed that spreading of sideband harmonics in the kilohertz range can reduce harmonic losses by up to 40% at low power frequencies. 相似文献
120.
The structural characteristics (the volume fraction, size, and shape of and the distance among hardening-phase particles) of aging alloys and steels, which define the behavior of the critical stress intensity factor during thermal hardening, are determined using the structural-mechanical approach we have developed. It is experimentally demonstrated for maraging steels that our approach is capable of proving the correlations of strength, plasticity, and crack- resistance with the structural characteristics, which were varied by changing the chemical composition of steel and thermokinetic aging conditions__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 94–101, January 2005. 相似文献