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951.
《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2015,18(1):88-99
The performance of a microporous activated carbon prepared chemically from olive stones for removing Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from single and binary aqueous solutions was investigated via the batch technique. The activated carbon sample was characterized using N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and Boehm titration. The effect of initial pH and contact time were studied. Adsorption kinetic rates were found to be fast and kinetic experimental data fitted very well the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms fit the Redlich–Peterson model very well and maximum adsorption amounts of single metal ions solutions follow the trend Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II). The adsorption behavior of binary solution systems shows a relatively high affinity to Cu(II) at the activated carbon surface of the mixture with Cd(II) or Pb(II). An antagonistic competitive adsorption phenomenon was observed. Desorption experiments indicated that about 59.5% of Cu(II) and 23% of Cd(II) were desorbed using a diluted sulfuric acid solution. 相似文献
952.
953.
《Comptes Rendus Chimie》2015,18(3):302-314
In order to investigate the methanol synthesis reaction from CO2/H2, a comparative study of the reactivity of formate species on different types of catalysts and catalyst supports has been carried out. Formic acid was adsorbed on water–gas shift catalysts, Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalyst and ZnO/Al2O3 support, Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 and Cu/ZnO/CeO2 methanol synthesis catalysts as well as their corresponding supports ZnO/ZrO2 and ZnO/CeO2. Superior reactivity and selectivity of dedicated methanol synthesis catalysts was evidenced by their behavior during the subsequent heating ramp, when these samples showed the simultaneous presence of formates and methoxy species and a higher stability of these reaction intermediates in the usual temperature range for the methanol synthesis reaction. 相似文献
954.
Mixing ionic liquids (ILs) has been revealed as a useful way to finely tune the properties of IL-based solvents. The scarce available studies on IL mixtures have shown a quasi-ideal behavior of their physical properties. In this work, we have performed a thermophysical characterization of two binary IL mixtures, namely {4-methyl-N-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([4bmpy][Tf2N]) + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([emim][EtSO4])} and {[4bmpy][Tf2N] + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate [emim][TFES]}. Both binary IL mixtures have been recently proposed as promising solvents in the (liquid + liquid) extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from mixtures with alkanes. Densities, viscosities, refractive indices, thermal stability, and specific heats of the {[4bmpy][Tf2N] + [emim][EtSO4]} and {[4bmpy][Tf2N] + [emim][TFES]} IL mixtures have been measured as a function of both temperature and composition. Dynamic viscosities, refractive indices, and thermal stability of the {[4bmpy][Tf2N] + [emim][EtSO4]} mixture have exhibited strong deviations from the ideality, in contrast with the quasi-ideal properties of the {[4bmpy][Tf2N] + [emim][TFES]} mixture and the behavior of the imidazolium and pyridinium-based IL mixtures studied hitherto. The reliability of predictive methods of the thermophysical properties of the mixtures has also been evaluated. 相似文献
955.
956.
Ru添加对Co/SiO费托合成催化剂性能的影响 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(10):1230-1238
用初湿含浸法制备了不同Ru添加量的Co/SiO2模型催化剂,然后进行N2物理吸附、XRD、H2-TPD、DRIFTS等表征和微分固定床费托(F-T)反应评价。F-T反应结果表明,催化剂中添加Ru后,CO转化率显著提高,TOF值增大,CO2和CH4选择性降低,烯/烷比(O/P)降低。FT-IR表征说明,催化剂添加Ru后Co-O键的强度减弱,相对应的H2-TPR也表明,催化剂的还原度得到显著提高。还原后的催化剂XRD结果进一步证实,加入Ru后,催化剂无钴氧化物被检出,并且当Ru添加量为0.5%(质量分数)时催化剂中金属钴主要以六方密堆(hcp)形式存在。CO-DRIFTS结果显示,Ru的加入使CO的吸收峰发生红移,即Ru促进了CO的解离。H2-TPD结果则表明,随着Ru添加量的增加,催化剂表面COads/Cos和CO*/Cos增大,这是CH4选择性降低的主要原因。 相似文献
957.
BImCl/CuCl离子液体脱除MTBE中硫醇机制及性能研究 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(9):1113-1119
以N-丁基咪唑、HCl和CuCl为原料两步法合成了离子液体[BIm]Cl/CuCl,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱FT-IR和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱FT-ICR MS对其结构进行表征。采用差热扫描量热仪DSC、FT-IR以及紫外可见光谱UV-vis对吸附硫醇的[BIm]Cl/CuCl进行分析,讨论了[BIm]Cl/CuCl吸附硫醇的作用机制。以[BIm]Cl/CuCl为吸附剂,采用吸附蒸馏工艺脱除MTBE中的硫化物,MTBE硫含量可降低至5 μg/g以下,吸附剂进行多次循环使用且脱硫效果无明显降低。 相似文献
958.
溶剂极性控制下的煤抽余物吸附甲烷能力研究 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(10):1153-1157
基于原煤和有机溶剂抽余物的等温吸附实验结果,对比分析溶剂极性与其煤抽余物吸附甲烷能力变化关系,探讨抽提溶剂极性差异对煤抽余物吸附甲烷能力控制的地球化学机理。结果表明,煤溶剂抽余物等温吸附甲烷曲线都遵循Langmuir方程,且二硫化碳(CS2)和苯(C6H6)溶剂抽提作用增大了煤吸附甲烷量,四氢呋喃(THF)和丙酮溶剂抽提作用减小了煤吸附甲烷量。实验发现,煤抽余物吸附甲烷能力变化与抽提溶剂极性成负相关关系,该现象可用相似相容原理解释:CS2和C6H6溶剂极性较弱,抽提出较多具有非极性结构(-CH3和-CH2-)的烷烃和芳烃,为甲烷在煤表面吸附增多了吸附位而增强了抽余物吸附甲烷能力,THF和丙酮溶剂极性较强,抽提出较多具有极性结构(-CHO、-OH、和-COOH)的非烃和沥青质,减少了吸附位而降低煤抽余物的甲烷吸附能力。 相似文献
959.
Tobias Becherer Christian Grunewald Vivienne Engelschalt Gerhard Multhaup Thomas Risse Rainer Haag 《Analytica chimica acta》2015
Coatings based on dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) were investigated for their use to control nonspecific protein adsorption in an assay targeted to analyze concentrations of a specific protein. We demonstrate that coating of the sample vial with dPG can significantly increase the recovery of an antibody after incubation. First, we determine the concentration dependent loss of an antibody due to nonspecific adsorption to glass via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Complementary to the QCM measurements, we applied the same antibody as analyte in an surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay to determine the loss of analyte due to nonspecific adsorption to the sample vial. For this purpose, we used two different coatings based on dPG. For the first coating, which served as a matrix for the SPR sensor, carboxyl groups were incorporated into dPG as well as a dithiolane moiety enabling covalent immobilization to the gold sensor surface. This SPR-matrix exhibited excellent protein resistant properties and allowed the immobilization of amyloid peptides via amide bond formation. The second coating which was intended to prevent nonspecific adsorption to glass vials comprised a silyl moiety that allowed covalent grafting to glass. For demonstrating the impact of the vial coating on the accuracy of an SPR assay, we immobilized amyloid beta (Aβ) 1-40 and used an anti-Aβ 1-40 antibody as analyte. Alternate injection of analyte into the flow cell of the SPR device from uncoated and coated vials, respectively gave us the relative signal loss (1 − RUuncoated/RUcoated) caused by the nonspecific adsorption. We found that the relative signal loss increases with decreasing analyte concentration. The SPR data correlate well with concentration dependent non-specific adsorption experiments of the analyte to glass surfaces performed with QCM. Our measurements show that rendering both the sample vial and the sensor surface is crucial for accurate results in protein assays. 相似文献
960.
研究了H2O对Ni/MgAlO催化剂上丙酮加氢为异丙醇的催化反应的影响。结果发现,在丙酮中添加少量H2O可提高丙酮转化率,但超过5%的H2O量则会显著降低催化剂活性。吸附量热结果表明,催化剂表面吸附少量H2O会明显降低异丙醇的吸附热,但对丙酮吸附热的影响较小,这也许是反应体系中少量的H2O能促进丙酮加氢活性的原因之一。当催化剂表面吸附较多H2O后,丙酮、异丙醇和H2的吸附热都降低了,因此反而抑制了丙酮的加氢反应。此外,红外光谱结果表明,预吸附水抑制了催化剂表面异丙醇脱氢生成丙酮,并抑制吸附的丙酮在表面生成烯醇盐或异丙叉丙酮等物种,这也许是少量水能促进丙酮加氢生成异丙醇的另一个重要原因。 相似文献