全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3484篇 |
免费 | 190篇 |
国内免费 | 64篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3691篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
物理学 | 44篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 77篇 |
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 89篇 |
2019年 | 87篇 |
2018年 | 108篇 |
2017年 | 138篇 |
2016年 | 146篇 |
2015年 | 160篇 |
2014年 | 140篇 |
2013年 | 207篇 |
2012年 | 263篇 |
2011年 | 288篇 |
2010年 | 273篇 |
2009年 | 346篇 |
2008年 | 183篇 |
2007年 | 248篇 |
2006年 | 184篇 |
2005年 | 183篇 |
2004年 | 186篇 |
2003年 | 74篇 |
2002年 | 48篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 26篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3738条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
LI Cun-man XIAO Yuan-sheng XUE Xing-ya FENG Jia-tao ZHANG Xiu-li LIANG Xin-miao . Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian P. R. China . Hebei Research Centre of Analysis Testing Hebei University of Science Technology Shijiazhuang 《高等学校化学研究》2011,(3):392-396
An efficient preparative method was successfully developed for isolation and purification of unstable components from medicinal plant extracts, using a combined method of preparative high performance liquid chro-matography(HPLC) and solid-phase extraction(SPE). The aim of this study was to obtain an effective method with high preparative efficiency and importantly to avoid the transformation of unstable compounds. The preparative HPLC system was based on an LC/MS controlled four-channel autopurification sys... 相似文献
112.
Schupp PJ Charlton TS Taylor MW Kjelleberg S Steinberg PD 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2005,383(1):132-137
A challenge for understanding the role of bacterial cell–cell signalling in the environment is the detection of those signals,
which are often present in low (nmol L−1) concentrations. We describe here a simple purification method, solid-phase extraction (SPE), for increasing the sensitivity
of detection for one such group of signals, acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), in environmental samples. Spiking of dried marine
sponge tissue (Stylinos sp.) with AHLs resulted in detection down to 0.01 ppm for 3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (3-oxo C6-HSL) and 1 ppm for hexanoyl homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). Compared with liquid extraction methods use of SPE resulted in twofold and tenfold improvements in sensitivity, respectively. 相似文献
113.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNs) are used as adsorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) of several chlorophenols (CPs). CPs were adsorbed on MWCNs cartridge, then desorbed with pH 10.0 methanol, finally determined by HPLC. Under the optimized conditions, detection limits of 0.08-0.8 ng mL(-1) were obtained. The method had been applied to analyze the five CPs in tap water and river water. 相似文献
114.
Analysis of earthy and musty odors in water samples by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A method for the determination of the earthy and musty odors geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IBMP), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IPMP) and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HSSPME) combined with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-ITMS) is described. Several parameters of the extraction and desorption procedure were studied and optimized (such as types of fibers, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature, desorption time, ionic strength and elutropic strength and pH of samples). The method shows good linearity over the concentration range 1-500 ng l−1 and gives detection limits of sub-part per trillion levels for all compounds. Good precision (5.9-9.8%) is obtained using IBMP as internal standard. Finally, the method was successfully applied to analyze earthy and musty odors in tap water and lake water. 相似文献
115.
116.
动态液相微萃取GC/MS-SIM方法检验毛发中的苯丙胺类毒品 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建立了动态液相微萃取GC/MS-SIM方法检测毛发中4种苯丙胺类毒品的方法.毛发样品首先用1 mol/L NaOH溶液消解,然后用50μL氯仿涡旋提取1min,离心后用注射器直接抽取有机相,提取液进行GC/MS-SIM方法检测.毛发样品的测出限(S/N=3)分别为苯丙胺1 ng/mg,甲基苯丙胺、3、4-(亚甲二氧基)苯丙胺、3、4(亚甲二氧基)-甲基苯丙胺500 pg/mg.在毛发中添加上述4种苯丙胺毒品的质量分数为5 ng/mg时,5次测定的RSD分别为苯丙胺8.3%,甲基苯丙胺8.2%,3、4-(亚甲二氧基)苯丙胺2.0%,3、4(亚甲二氧基)2.7%.该方法可用于毛发中低含量苯丙胺类毒品的分析. 相似文献
117.
118.
A new liquid-phase microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In the present study, a new and versatile liquid-phase microextraction method is described. This method requires very simple and cheap apparatus and also a small amount of organic solvent. Eight microliters of 1-undecanol was delivered to the surface of solution containing analytes and solution was stirred for a desired time. Then sample vial was cooled by inserting it into an ice bath for 5 min. The solidified 1-undecanol was transferred into a suitable vial and immediately melted; then, 2 μL of it was injected into a gas chromatograph for analysis.Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used as model compounds for developing and evaluating of the method performance. Analysis was carried out by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID).Several factors influencing the microextraction efficiency, such as the nature and volume of organic solvent, the temperature and volume of sample solution, stirring rate and extraction time were investigated and optimized. The applicability of the technique was evaluated by determination of trace amounts of PAHs in environmental samples. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits (LOD) of the method were in the range of 0.07-1.67 μg L−1 and relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) for 10 μg L−1 PAHs were <7%. A good linearity (r2 > 0.995) in a calibration range of 0.25-300.00 μg L−1 was obtained. After 30 min extraction duration, enrichment factors were in the range of 594-1940. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the determination of trace amounts of PAHs in several real water samples, and satisfactory results were resulted. Since very simple devices were used, this new technique is affordable, efficient, and convenient for extraction and determination of low concentrations of PAHs in water samples. 相似文献
119.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-variable wavelength detector (HPLC-VWD) was developed for extraction and determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) and thiamphenicol (THA) in honey. In this extraction method, 1.0 mL of acetonitrile (as dispersive solvent) containing 30 μL 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (as extraction solution) was rapidly injected by syringe into a 5.00-mL water sample containing the analytes, thereby forming a cloudy solution. After extraction, phase separation was performed by centrifugation and the enriched analytes in the sedimented phase were determined by HPLC-VWD. Some important parameters, such as the nature and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, extraction time, sample solution pH, sample volume and salt effect were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction condition, the method yields a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 3 to 2000 μg kg−1 for target analytes. The enrichment factors for CAP and THA were 68.2 and 87.9, and the limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.6 and 0.1 μg kg−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the extraction of 10 μg kg−1 of CAP and THA were 4.3% and 6.2% (n = 6). The main advantages of DLLME-HPLC method are simplicity of operation, rapidity, low cost, high enrichment factor, high recovery, good repeatability and extraction solvent volume at microliter level. Honey samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method. 相似文献
120.
An improved method for the simultaneous analysis of phenolic and steroidal estrogens in water and sediment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. Hibberd 《Talanta》2009,77(4):1315-8272
This paper describes an improved method for the extraction and analysis of seven endocrine disrupting chemicals with wide-ranging polarities from water and sediments using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The analytes were 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethynylestradiol and 16α-hydroxyestrone. The optimised GC-MS/MS method produces increased selectivity and sensitivity compared to GC-MS, with limit of detection ranging from 0.01 to 0.49 ng L−1 in water and from 0.05 to 0.14 ng g−1 in sediment. Extraction from aqueous samples was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and from sediment samples by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The improved method for the clean-up of sediment extracts carried out by SPE enhanced EDC recovery (86-102%) while reducing matrix interference and sample drying time. Derivatisation of final sample extracts was achieved using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and pyridine, and their stability was enhanced by reconstituting the derivatised extracts with hexane. The method was validated by spiking experiments which showed good recovery and reproducibility. The method was applied to samples taken from the Medway estuary in Kent, UK, where non-conservative behaviour of EDCs was demonstrated. 相似文献