分光光度法快速测定海虾中呋喃唑酮残留量

建立了快速检测水产品中呋喃唑酮残留量方法.采用分光光度法,以校准曲线法、标准加入法检测海虾、养殖虾中呋喃唑酮残留量.结果表明,本方法线性范围为0.25-20.0μg/mL,r=0.9988,检出限为2.5μg/kg,相对标准偏差＜4.3%,回收率为97%-102%.方法准确、灵敏、简便,适合实验室快速检验.     

Strategy for the identification of key odorants: Application to shrimp aroma

The GC-SNIF technique was used to obtain the olfactograms of shrimps, and their impact odorants were identified by MS hyphenated to the GC/olfactometric system and by comprehensive two-dimensional GC hyphenated to a time-of-flight MS. Confirming these identifications by their linear retention indices required application of a new strategy to compare retention indices between both instruments and with the in-house database. The aldehydes were confirmed by using their pentafluorophenylhydrazone derivatives, and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine had to be resolved from co-eluting compounds and then identified by multidimensional GC hyphenated to an MS and a sniff port. In both shrimp products, the most important odorants were trimethylamine, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine, together with common carbonyl compounds.     

安徽沼虾和米虾的同步辐射X射线荧光分析及对水环境污染的监测作用

同步辐射X射线荧光分析了安徽省4个地区的沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponesis)和米虾(Caridina denticulate sinensis)尾扇9个样品中重元紊含量；比较了7种不同水环境中沼虾的元素含量，显示出虾中元素含量随水环境的不同而改变，其中Mn／Fe或Cu／Zn元素的比值强烈地与水环境富营养污染程度相关。生活在同一水环境中米虾的重元素Br、Hg和Pb的富集量分别是沼虾的5．0倍、2．7倍和2．3倍。测量了老龄沼虾和成年沼虾的元素含量，发现老龄沼虾富集的Hg和Pb分别是成年虾的5倍和4倍，而Cu和Zn的含量却降低到成年虾的1／8和1／2。     

Effect of Agitation and Aeration Rates on Chitinase Production Using Trichoderma virens UKM1 in 2-l Stirred Tank Reactor

Shrimps have been a popular raw material for the burgeoning marine and food industry contributing to increasing marine waste. Shrimp waste, which is rich in organic compounds is an abundant source of chitin, a natural polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GluNac), a reducing sugar. For this respect, chitinase-producing fungi have been extensively studied as biocontrol agents. Locally isolated Trichoderma virens UKM1 was used in this study. The effect of agitation and aeration rates using colloidal chitin as control substrate in a 2-l stirred tank reactor gave the best agitation and aeration rates at 200 rpm and 0.33 vvm with 4.1 U/l per hour and 5.97 U/l per hour of maximum volumetric chitinase activity obtained, respectively. Microscopic observations showed shear sensitivity at higher agitation rate of the above system. The oxygen uptake rate during the highest chitinase productivity obtained using sun-dried ground shrimp waste of 1.74 mg of dissolved oxygen per gram of fungal biomass per hour at the kappaL a of 8.34 per hour.     

氨基脲分子印迹电化学传感器的制备及应用

以氨基脲(SEM)为模板分子,邻苯二胺为功能单体,在0.1 mol/L NaAc-HAc缓冲液(pH 5.2)中,通过电聚合法制备分子印迹传感器.采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲法(DPV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电镜表征了此分子印迹传感器的识别性能和表面形貌.结果表明,此传感器具有粗糙、多孔的形貌,对SEM具有良好的选择性识别.在0.5 mol/L KCl-0.005 mol/L K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液中,采用DPV方法考察了功能单体与模板分子的摩尔比、模板洗脱剂、洗脱时间和温育时间对传感器响应的影响.优化后的实验条件为:功能单体与模板分子的摩尔比1:2,洗脱液为0.2 mol/L NaOH,洗脱时间15 min,温育时间12 min.在优化的实验条件下,传感器的DPV峰电流差值与SEM的浓度在3.75～ 188 ng/L范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.5 ng/L(S/N=3).将此传感器应用于市售新鲜虾肌肉及受污染虾肌肉中SEM含量测定,加标回收率为80％～97％.     

Variation of Triterpenes in Apples Stored in a Controlled Atmosphere

Apples are seasonal fruits, and thus after harvesting apples of optimal picking maturity, it is important to prepare them properly for storage and to ensure proper storage conditions in order to minimize changes in the chemical composition and commercial quality of the apples. We studied the quantitative composition of triterpenic compounds in the whole apple, apple peel and apple flesh samples before placing them in the controlled atmosphere (CA) chambers, and at the end of the experiment, 8 months later. HPLC analysis showed that highest total amount of triterpenic compounds (1.99 ± 0.01 mg g⁻¹) was found in the whole apple samples of the ‘Spartan’ cultivar stored under variant VIII (O₂—20%, CO₂—3%, N₂—77%) conditions. Meanwhile, the highest amount of triterpenic compounds (11.66 ± 0.72 mg g⁻¹) was determined in the apple peel samples of the ‘Auksis’ cultivar stored under variant II (O₂—5%, CO₂—1%, N₂—94%) conditions. In the apple peel samples of the ‘Auksis’ cultivar stored under variant I (O₂—21%, CO₂—0.03%, N₂—78.97%) conditions, the amount of individual triterpenic compounds (ursolic, oleanolic, corosolic, and betulinic acids) significantly decreased compared with amount determined before the storage. Therefore, in the apple flesh samples determined triterpenic compounds are less stable during the storage under controlled atmosphere conditions compared with triterpenic compounds determined in the whole apple and apple peel samples.     

A Green Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Method to Extract Astaxanthin from Shrimp Byproducts

The extraction of valuable compounds from waste products using green and inexpensive solvents is a significant strategy for sample preparation. Accordingly, in the present study, the use of deep eutectic solvents, an emerging green approach, was used to extract astaxanthin, a well-known and widely-used antioxidant, from shrimp byproducts. After evaluating different combinations of extraction conditions and deep eutectic solvents, an ultrasonication method was established and optimized by a systematic investigation of the influencing factors. A comparison of the amount of astaxanthin (102 μg g^{? 1} ) extracted using a traditional organic solvent, ethanol, showed that more astaxanthin (146 μg g^{? 1} ) was obtained using the reported eco-friendly method. The excellent properties of deep eutectic solvents highlight their advantages as promising inexpensive green solvents for the extraction and determination of a range of bioactive compounds from natural products.     

Ultra-high pressure LC determination of glucosamine in shrimp by-products and migration tests of chitosan films

Chitosan, a multiple applications molecule, was isolated from shrimp by-products by fermentation. The amount of chitosan in the solid fraction of the fermented extract was measured after its conversion in the respective glucosamine units. The procedure includes an acid hydrolysis (110 °C, 4 h with HCl 8 M) and a derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl). Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography method was developed and optimized. Excellent peaks resolution was achieved in just 10 min. The method was evaluated in what concerns to validation parameters such as linearity, repeatability, quantification limit, and recovery. Migration tests of films prepared with chitosan were carried out in two simulants: ultrapure water and ethanol 95% (v/v).     

高效液相色谱法测定虾肉及虾制品中吲哚含量

称取适量鲜虾肉或虾肉干,用乙腈(20mL)提取2次,离心分离后取其上清液,用乙腈定容至50.0mL,供高效液相色谱分析。加入2-甲基吲哚作为内标,所用色谱柱为Hedera ODS-2柱,流动相为乙腈-水(65+35)混合液,用荧光检测器检测(λex=270nm,λem=340nm)洗脱液中吲哚含量。标准曲线的线性范围在200μg·L-1以内,方法的测定下限(10S/N)为125μg·kg-1。以空白样品作基体,用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在90.1%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.9%~5.2%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定淡水养殖池塘水体及鱼虾体内的藻毒素

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了淡水养殖池塘水体及鱼虾体内藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR。水样经微孔滤膜过滤后,通过固相萃取柱富集净化。鱼、虾冻干后粉碎,以甲醇水溶液提取,提取液经固相萃取柱富集净化。采用UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100×2.1mm,3.5μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液和含0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,质谱采用选择离子监测模式测量。结果表明,藻毒素的质量浓度在0.5~500μg·L~(-1)范围内时,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系。MC-LR和MC-RR的方法检出限分别为0.05μg·L~(-1)和0.08μg·L~(-1)。藻毒素在空白水样中的加标回收率为88.5%~98.5%,相对标准偏差为5.2%~8.3%;在鱼、虾组织中的加标回收率为63.8%~85.2%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~9.8%。实际测得某养殖池塘水中存在藻毒素污染,且部分水产品中检测到了MC-LR和MC-RR。