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51.
Owing to their structural simplicity and robust self-assembled nanostructures, short peptides prove to be an ideal system to explore the physical processes of self-assembly, hydrogels, semi-flexible polymers, quenched disorder, and reptation. Rational design in peptide sequences facilitates cost-effective manufacturing, but the huge number of possible peptides has imposed obstacles for their characterization to establish functional connections to the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. This review aims to cover recent advances in the self-assembly of designed short peptides, with a focus on physical driving forces, design rules, characterization methods, and exemplar applications. Super-resolution microscopy in combination with modern image analysis have been applied to quantify the structure and dynamics of peptide hydrogels, while small-angle neutron scattering and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance continue to provide valuable information on structures over complementary length scales. Short peptides are attractive in biomedicine and nanotechnology, e.g., as antimicrobials, anticancer agents, vehicles for controlled drug release, peptide bioelectronics, and responsive cell culture materials. 相似文献
52.
The sodium benzophenone ketyl-induced reaction of [Ru3(CO)12] with bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amine Ph2PN(H)PPh2 (dppa) in THF resulted in the formation of the expected metal cluster [Ru3(CO)10(μ-dppa)] ( 1 ) in high yield. 1 was fully characterized by spectroscopic means and crystals of the compound suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from dichloromethane/dioxane. The molecular structure of 1 as its dioxane solvate was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallized in a new crystal structure of [Ru3(CO)10(μ-dppa)] in the triclinic space group P1 , whereas that compound was described in an earlier report crystallizing from chloroform in the monoclinic space group P21/c. 相似文献
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Genotyping of exons 1 to 20 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by universal multiplex PCR and short‐end capillary electrophoresis 下载免费PDF全文
One rapid CE method was established to diagnose Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a severe recessive inherited disorder frequently caused by gene deletions. Among them, exons 1–20 account for nearly 30% of occurrences. In this study, the universal multiplex PCR was used to enhance the fluorescently labeling efficiency, which was performed only by one universal fluorescent primer. After PCR, a short‐end injection CE (short‐end CE) speeded up the genotyping of the DMD gene. This method involved no extra purification, and was completed within 9 min. The CE conditions contained a polymer solution of 1.5% hydroxylethylcellulose in 1× TBE buffer at 6 kV for separation. This method was applied to test six DMD patients and one healthy male person. The results showed good agreement with those of multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification. This method can be applied for clinical diagnosis of DMD disease. Accurate diagnosis of the DMD gene is the best way to prevent the disease. 相似文献
55.
The influence of the comonomer content in a series of metallocene-based ethylene-1-octene copolymers (m-LLDPE) on thermo-mechanical, rheological, and thermo-oxidative behaviours during melt processing were examined using a range of characterisation techniques. The amount of branching was calculated from 13C NMR and studies using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were employed to determine the effect of short chain branching (SCB, comonomer content) on thermal and mechanical characteristics of the polymer. The effect of melt processing at different temperatures on the thermo-oxidative behaviour of the polymers was investigated by examining the changes in rheological properties, using both melt flow and capillary rheometry, and the evolution of oxidation products during processing using infrared spectroscopy.The results show that the comonomer content and catalyst type greatly affect thermal, mechanical and oxidative behaviour of the polymers. For the metallocene polymer series, it was shown from both DSC and DMA that (i) crystallinity and melting temperatures decreased linearly with comonomer content, (ii) the intensity of the β-transition increased, and (iii) the position of the tan δmax peak corresponding to the α-transition shifted to lower temperatures, with higher comonomer content. In contrast, a corresponding Ziegler polymer containing the same level of SCB as in one of the m-LLDPE polymers, showed different characteristics due to its more heterogeneous nature: higher elongational viscosity, and a double melting peak with broader intensity that occurred at higher temperature (from DSC endotherm) indicating a much broader short chain branch distribution.The thermo-oxidative behaviour of the polymers after melt processing was similarly influenced by the comonomer content. Rheological characteristics and changes in concentrations of carbonyl and the different unsaturated groups, particularly vinyl, vinylidene and trans-vinylene, during processing of m-LLDPE polymers, showed that polymers with lower levels of SCB gave rise to predominantly crosslinking reactions at all processing temperatures. By contrast, chain scission reactions at higher processing temperatures became more favoured in the higher comonomer-containing polymers. Compared to its metallocene analogue, the Ziegler polymer showed a much higher degree of crosslinking at all temperatures because of the high levels of vinyl unsaturation initially present. 相似文献
56.
Julio Llorca‐Porcel Esther Martínez‐Soriano Ignacio Valor 《Journal of separation science》2009,32(9):1425-1429
An optimised method using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and a thermal desorption‐GC‐electron capture detector (GC‐ECD) for the determination of short‐chain chlorinated paraffins from water samples was developed. Recoveries near to 100% were obtained by using 20 mm×0.5 mm (length×film thickness) PDMS commercial stir bars from 200 mL spiked water samples and 20% methanol addition with an extraction period of 24 h. Method sensitivity, linearity and precision were evaluated for surface water and wastewater spiked samples. A LOD of 0.03 and 0.04 μg/L was calculated for surface and wastewater, respectively. The precision of the method given as an RSD was below 20% for both matrices. The developed method was applied for the analysis of two real samples from a contaminated river and a wastewater treatment plant. Results were in accordance with those obtained using a previously developed method based on solid phase microextraction (SPME). 相似文献
57.
Éadaoin Tyrrell Robert A. Shellie Emily F. Hilder Christopher A. Pohl Paul R. Haddad 《Journal of chromatography. A》2009,1216(48):8512-8517
A fast ion chromatographic system is described which uses shorter column lengths and compares various eluent profiles in order to maximise the performance without sacrificing the chromatographic resolution. Both isocratic and gradient elution profiles were considered to find the most efficient mode of separation. The separation and determination of seven target anions (chloride, chlorate, nitrate, chromate, sulfate, thiocyanate and perchlorate) was achieved using a short (4 mm ID, 50 mm long) column packed with Dionex AS20 high-capacity anion exchange material. A hydroxide eluent was used at an initial concentration of 25 mM (at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min) and two performance maxima were found. The maximum efficiency occurred at a normalised gradient ramp rate of 5 mM/t0, resulting in a peak capacity of 16, while the fastest separation (<3 min) occurred at a normalised ramp rate of 30 mM/t0. The retention time, peak width and resolution using the different eluent profiles on varying column lengths is also compared. Further investigations in this study determined that the highest peak capacity separation under gradient conditions could be approximated using an isocratic separation. The advantage of using this novel approach to approximate the maximum efficiency separation removes the need for column re-equilibration that is required for gradient elution resulting in faster analyses and enhanced sample throughput, with benefits in particular for multidimensional chromatography. 相似文献
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原位沉析法制备有序排列四氧化三铁/壳聚糖纳米复合材料的研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
生物矿物由于具有完美结构及独特的生物活性,使其成为制备新型有彬无机杂化纳米复合材料的思想来源,在目前制备的有机/无机纳米复合材料中,纳米粒子在聚合物基质中大部分是无规分散的,但无机纳米颗粒在有机物中的有序排列是生命体中的一种根本体现,有序排列会使材料的性能更加优异。人骨的主要成分是纳米羟基磷灰石晶体和胶原,羟基磷灰石晶体是沿着胶原纤维的长轴方向有序排列的,这使得人骨不仅具有生物活性,而且具有非常好的力学性能。 相似文献
60.
Wang Haijun 《Numerical Algorithms》2008,48(4):317-325
In this paper, we present new iteration methods with cubic convergence for solving nonlinear equations. The main advantage
of the new methods are free from second derivatives and it permit that the first derivative is zero in some points. Analysis
of efficiency shows that the new methods can compete with Newton’s method and the classical third-order methods. Numerical
results indicate that the new methods are effective and have definite practical utility.
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