Examining Elementary School Science Achievement Gaps Using an Organizational and Leadership Perspective

There is the tendency to explain away successful urban schools as indicative of the heroic efforts by a tireless individual, effectively blaming schools that underperform for a lack of grit and dedication. This study reports the development of a research instrument (School Science Infrastructure, or SSI) and then applying that tool to an investigation of equitable science performance by elementary schools. Our efforts to develop a science‐specific instrument to explore associations between school‐level variables and equitable science performance are informed by James Coleman's tripartite notion of social capital: the “wealth” of organizations is encompassed within their social norms, informational channels, and reciprocating relationships. Grounded in school effectiveness research and social capital theory, the instrument that we report on here is a valid and reliable tool to support meso‐level investigations of factors contributing to school variations in science achievement.     

Purge flow and interface gap geometry influence on the aero-thermal performance of a rotor blade cascade

This paper is focused on the influence of the geometry of an interface seal gap on the aerodynamic and thermal performance of a rotor blade cascade. Tests are performed in a seven-blade cascade of a gas turbine high-pressure subsonic rotor at low Mach number (Ma_2is = 0.3). To simulate some of the effects of rotation on the seal flow exiting the gap on a linear cascade environment, a number of fins are installed inside the slot, providing the coolant flow with an injection angle in the tangential direction. Tests are carried out at variable blowing conditions and different gap widths. Moreover, the influence of a radial misalignment between stator and rotor platforms is also investigated for variable injection conditions. The 3D flow field is surveyed by traversing a 5-hole miniaturized pressure probe in a downstream plane. Secondary flows velocities, loss coefficient and vorticity distributions are presented for the most relevant test conditions. Film cooling effectiveness distributions on the platform are obtained by Thermochromic Liquid Crystals technique. Results show that engine purge flow injection conditions have to be reproduced in the wind tunnel as close as possible, in order to get the correct blade aero-thermal performance.     

Diagnostic assessment of preparedness of level one sports science students for biomechanics modules

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the use of a diagnostic test to assess the prepardness of level one students for a sports biomechanics module. During their first week at university, a cohort of 108 students completed a diagnostic test at the end of their first lecture in sports biomechanics, with no prior notice. Upon completion of the 12-week module, the students sat the same diagnostic test, again with no prior notice. The results from the initial test were used to identify areas that required emphasis and additional resources during delivery of the module. The comparison of test results from the two sittings was used as a measure of the level of success of the module in increasing the level of student understanding. It is concluded that the design of a diagnostic test specific to a module can be used both to inform subsequent teaching and to assess success of teaching methods.     

一种基于遍历性的混沌加密新算法

分析了E.Álvarez密码系统的加密方法及其弱点,在此基础上给出了一种基于遍历性的混沌加密新算法。即以混沌系统的控制参数和初始点为密钥,迭代混沌映射以便产生一个比特链,在该比特链中搜索明文分组,记下迭代次数作为密文分组。新算法避免了E.Álvarez密码方案中的若干弱点,增强了密码系统的安全性。最后通过对Logistic映射的仿真研究,验证了新密码系统满足密码学中的混淆和散布特性,并进而阐明了新密码系统的有效性。     

The Influence of Impurities on Crystallization Kinetics of Sodium Chloride

The influence of impurities on the crystallization kinetics of NaCl was investigated in a fluidized bed crystallizer. The growth and dissolution rates were related to the supersaturation and impurity concentrations. The effect of different impurities on the growth rate of NaCl crystals can be divided into thermodynamic effects where the impurities influence the solubility and kinetic effects where the impurities will suppress the growth rate compared to the pure NaCl. A mathematical model describing crystal growth rates from aqueous solution as a function of impurity concentration is presented. The model explains impurity concentration effects on the crystal growth rate in terms of an impurity effectiveness factor and a Langmuir adsorption isotherm for the impurity.     

微带线电路板端口对入射电磁波的电压响应

 在考虑电磁波与电子设备的耦合时,屏蔽腔中电路板端口对入射电磁波的电压响应是一个重要的参数。分别计算了微带线电路板端口在自由空间和在屏蔽腔内这两种不同情况下的电压响应,以及屏蔽腔内耦合系数的变化。对所得结果进行了比较分析,结果表明,在自由空间时,响应电压频谱为连续的变化,而在屏蔽腔内时,只有在本征模的频率处才会激励起端口电压,频谱分布变为分立的。当屏蔽腔上开有窄缝时,窄缝方向和入射场极化方向对激励起来的端口电压都有影响,而电场极化方向和微带线方向之间的关系,是决定端口激励电压大小的关键因素。     

基于多精度代理模型的高效异型气膜孔设计优化和实验验证

为了提升燃气轮机热端部件表面的气膜冷却效果,本文发展了一套基于多精度代理模型的高效气膜孔优化方法,通过对气膜孔孔型进行优化得到最优的气膜冷却效率。与传统的代理模型优化方法相比,本文构建的多精度代理模型优化方法能有效结合实验数据与高精度数值计算,在保证准确度的同时使优化效率提升64.5%。本文针对业界广泛使用的一种气膜孔进行优化设计,选取后倾角、侧扩角和孔长径比作为三个设计变量,采用遗传算法和序列二次规划混合方法进行优化。并采用3D打印和PSP测量技术对优化孔型进行验证,发现和初始孔型相比优化孔型的面平均气膜冷却效率提升39%。本文的工作证明了多精度代理模型在气膜冷却优化方面的有效性。     

Impurity adsorption mechanism of borax for a suspension growth condition: A comparison of models and experimental data

A fluidized bed crystallizer is employed to investigate the growth and dissolution rates of MgSO₄·7H₂O from aqueous solutions in the presence of borax as impurity at 25°C. By adding 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 wt % of impurity the pH value changes from 6.7 to 7.11, while the saturation temperature shifts to 24.8, 24.4, 24 and 23.1°C, respectively. The data on crystal growth rates from aqueous solutions as a function of impurity concentration are discussed from the standpoint of Cabrera and Vermileya, and Kubota and Mullin. The value of the impurity effect, αθ_eq, determined from analysis of the data on growth kinetics was found to be in good agreement with the value obtained from direct adsorption experiments. The estimated value of the average spacing between the adjacent adsorption active sites and the average distance between the neighbouring impurity‐adsorbed sites are also reported. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

填充碳纳米管/石墨的复合型电磁波屏蔽膜

介绍一种填充碳纳米管/石墨的复合型电磁波屏蔽膜的组成、制备及其耐老化性能,实验发现：当碳纳米管/石墨的配比为1/7～1/2、有机聚合物/导电填料的配比为29.6/70.4～32.4/67.6时,该屏蔽膜具有最佳的电性能、屏蔽性能和加工性能,且在一定条件下具有负的温度系数。用多层结构模型讨论了该屏蔽膜的导电性,并与铜、镍蒸发膜的屏蔽特性进行了比较。     

Leading edge film cooling heat transfer with high free stream turbulence using a transient liquid crystal image method

This paper studies film effectiveness and heat transfer coefficients on a large scale symmetric circular leading edge with three rows of film holes. The film hole configuration focuses on a smaller injection angle of 20° and a larger hole pitch with respect to the hole diameter (P/d=7.86). The study includes four blowing ratios (M=1.0,1.5,2.0 and 2.5), two Reynolds numbers (Re=30,000 and 60,000), and two free stream turbulence levels (nominally Tu=1% and 20% depending on the Reynolds number). A transient liquid crystal (LC) image technique is employed to obtain the film effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient distributions with high spatial resolutions of 0.6 mm in both streamwise and spanwise directions. Results are presented for detailed and spanwise averaged values of film effectiveness and Frössling number. Turbulence intensity has an attenuation on film effectiveness as well as on Frössling number for all blowing ratios at Re=30,000. Under high turbulence conditions the film effectiveness and Frössling number increase as blowing ratio increases from 1.0 to 2.0 for both Reynolds numbers. Further increasing the blowing ratio results in reverse effect. Increasing the Reynolds number from 30,000 to 60,000 results in increases in both the film effectiveness and Frössling number at high turbulence except for M=2.5. The blowing ratio of two shows a spatial coupling of the stagnation row of film holes with the second row (21.5°) of film holes which results in the highest film effectiveness and also the highest Frössling numbers.