气相色谱-质谱分析血清葡萄糖的前处理方法研究

用气相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法(GC-ID/MS)测定血清葡萄糖,需要对血清样品进行前处理,为确保测定结果的准确性,比较了乙醇、丙酮、乙腈沉淀及微过滤4种去除蛋白的方法.将用上述4种方法处理的血清样品进行衍生,采用GC-ID/MS测定,得到其精密度、相对回收率和绝对回收率,加以比较.结果表明:4种方法中,乙醇去除血清中蛋白的效果最佳.     

Selective on-line serum peptide extraction and multidimensional separation by coupling a restricted-access material-based capillary trap column with nanoliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

As the serum peptidome gets increasing attention for biomarker discovery, one of the important issues is how to efficiently extract the peptides from highly complex human serum for peptidome analysis. Here we developed a fully automated platform for direct injection, on-line extraction, multidimensional separation and MS detection of peptides present in human serum. A capillary SPE column packed with a novel mix mode restricted access material (RAM) exhibiting strong cation exchange and size exclusion chromatography (SCX/SEC) properties were coupled with a nanoliquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS) system. The capillary SPE column excludes the high abundant serum proteins such as HSA by size exclusion chromatography and simultaneously extracts the low molecular weight peptides by binding to sulfonic acid residues. Subsequently, the trapped peptides are eluted to a capillary LC column packed with a RP-C18 stationary phase. After injection of only 2 μL human serum to the one-dimensional nanoLC-MS system around 400 peptides could be identified. When conducting a multidimensional separation, the described SCX/SEC/RP-MS platform allows the separation and identification of 1286 peptides present in human serum by the injection and on-line processing of 20 μL human serum sample.     

Study of proteinous and micellar microenvironment using donor acceptor charge transfer fluorosensor N,N-dimethylaminonaphthyl-(acrylo)-nitrile

Interaction of charge transfer fluorophore N,N-dimethylaminonaphthyl-(acrylo)-nitrile (DMANAN) with globular proteins Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) brings forth a marked change in the position and intensity of band maxima both in case of absorption and fluorescence spectra. Spectroscopic approach has been elaborately implemented to explore the binding phenomena of the probe with HSA and BSA and it is found that the extent of binding of the probe to both serum albumins is similar in nature. Steady state fluorescence anisotropy values, fluorescence quenching study using acrylamide quencher and Red Edge Excitation Shift (REES) help in drawing reliable conclusions regarding the location of the probe molecule within the hydrophobic cavity of the proteins. An increase in fluorescence lifetime of the probe molecule solubilized in both the proteinous media also indicate that the probe is located at the motionally restricted environment inside the hydrophobic cavity of proteins and hence non-radiative channels are less operative than in the bulk water. Similarly, the variation of position and intensity of the emission maxima of DMANAN solubilized in micellar medium of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) also predicts well the critical micellar concentration (CMC) and polarity of micellar microenvironment.     

Determination of fluoroquinolones in urine and serum by using high performance liquid chromatography and multiemission scan fluorimetric detection

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of four fluoroquinolones. The studied compounds have been enoxacin (ENO), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFLO) and enrofloxacin (ENRO). An isocratic elution method, using a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (8%) and phosphate buffer (pH 3.00, 30.0 mM, 92%) as mobile phase, has been developed. Fluorimetric detection, exciting at 277 nm, and multiemission scan (407 nm for ENO, 444 nm for both NOR and ENRO and 490 nm for OFLO) has been used. Detection limits of 500, 14.7, 25.2 and 15.0 ng mL⁻¹ for ENO, NOR, OFLO and ENRO, respectively, have been obtained. The proposed method has been satisfactorily applied to analyze NOR, OFLO and ENRO in human urine and serum samples.     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定动物血清和组织器官中的微量银元素

银的应用在当代生物医学领域得到极大地推广,其生物安全性也受到密切关注,明确银离子在生物体内分布以及其安全阈值显得格外重要。因此,需要一种高灵敏度的分析方法来确定医学生物样品中银的含量。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对于金属离子检测具有很高的灵敏度,非常适用于医学生物样品中所含痕量银元素的检测,但具体方法的开发,包括样品前处理和检测过程,尚处于起步阶段。本研究建立了一套简便易行的微波消解处理机体血清和组织器官样品,通过ICP-MS法测定样品内微量银元素的检测方法。血清和肌肉、骨髓、骨骼组织,以及心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏器官样品经5 mL硝酸-2 mL过氧化氢体系微波消解。消解程序采用2 000 W功率3步式温度梯度,样品最终消解完全,获得的数据重复性好,且耗费时间短,为大批量样品处理节省了时间。消解溶液经稀释定容,在优化仪器工作参数后,用ICP-MS对溶液中的107Ag进行测定,以钇(Y)为内标元素补偿基体效应和准确度漂移。测定结果显示,107Ag元素检出限为0.98 μg·kg-1,标准曲线相关系数为0.999 9,回收率为98%～107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.0%～4.3%。用该法测定了动物血清和组织器官中的银元素含量,发现机体摄入银离子后,主要蓄积在肝脏。检测结果表明ICP-MS方法可以准确地测定机体的微量银元素,所建立的方法适用性强,可满足不同类型医学生物样品中微量银元素的测定,操作简便快捷,结果准确且灵敏度高,尤其适合于大批量生物样品的检测,为其他生物样品微量元素的检测提供了指导。     

衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的临床应用研究进展

系统回顾了衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, ATR-FTIR)技术在临床医学领域中的应用研究进展。ATR-FTIR光谱技术具有实时、简单、无创扫描生物组织样品的优势,通过结合多模式识别统计学方法并对照临床及病理学诊断结果,可对生物组织样本进行判别分析。目前,对甲状腺、乳腺,以及肺组织等新鲜离体组织的光谱学检测中,ATR-FTIR技术可达到较高的判别敏感性、准确性与特异性;尤其在对甲状腺和乳腺疾病患者的前哨淋巴结活检的研究中,应用ATR-FTIR技术,可对良、恶性组织进行敏感性、准确性与特异性均较高的鉴别研究,对辅助临床诊断具有潜在的重要价值。此外,利用ATR-FTIR光谱技术对生物体液进行光谱分析并进一步诊断疾病的研究也在逐步开展。由于血清中所含成分的改变对于提示疾病状况具有重要价值,因而血清ATR-FTIR光谱学诊断方法成为研究热点,已有应用ATR-FTIR技术对脑胶质细胞瘤、心肌梗死、肾衰、阿尔茨海默病、卵巢癌与子宫内膜癌等多种疾病进行分析的研究报道。目前已可通过ATR-FTIR技术对卵巢癌进行疾病分期的判别诊断,该技术有望成为卵巢癌筛查的重要方法。由于血清ATR-FTIR光谱学技术具有检测快速、判别准确、性价比高等优势,有望成为今后生物医学发展的重要方向之一。     

牛血清白蛋白与荧光增白剂相互作用的荧光光谱法研究

应用荧光光谱法研究了牛血清蛋白与荧光增白剂CBS-X、BBU、VBL的相互作用.通过Stern-Volmer方程、Lineweaver-BurK方程和双对数曲线进行计算,研究了FWA对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机制.FWA对BSA内源荧光的猝灭主要为静态猝灭和荧光共振能量转移猝灭.测定了荧光增白剂CBS-X、BBU、VBL对BSA的猝灭常量和扩散常量(283 K),确定了荧光增白剂与BSA结合位点数均为1.根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论,计算了BSA与荧光增白剂分子间的结合距离和能量转移效率.通过测定283 K和298 K时供体与受体分子间结合常量,计算了BSA与荧光增白剂作用的热力学参量.BSA与FWA作用的ΔH<0,ΔS>0,并以此确定了BSA 与荧光增白剂分子主要通过静电力进行作用.     

β-环糊精-分子内电荷转移荧光探针-牛血清白蛋白三元超分子体系的荧光光谱研究

采用荧光光谱法研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)及羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)与分子内电荷转移荧光探针1-酮-2-(对二甲氨基苯亚甲基)-四氢萘(KDTN)的包合作用,求得了二者的包合常数和包合比.进一步研究了CDs、KDTN及牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的超分子体系,计算了结合常数和结合比.结果表明:β-CDs-KDTN-BSA能形成1∶1∶1的三元配合物,环糊精与KDTN的包合有利于与BSA作用,其结合常数大于KDTN与BAS的结合常数.     

液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法测定人血清中17β-雌二醇含量

研究建立了以人血清中E2-16,16,17-d3为内标测定17β-雌二醇的液相色谱/串联质谱(ID-LC/MS/MS)方法。血清样品经固相萃取装置(SPE)提取雌二醇,乙酸乙酯萃取净化,吹干复溶后用10-乙基吖啶酮-2-磺酰氯(EASC)进行衍生。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱分离柱,乙腈、水梯度洗脱,使用电喷雾三重四极杆串联质谱的多重反应监测模式测定,以校准曲线法进行定量。所建立的液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法(ID-LC/MS/MS)对于分析血清17β-雌二醇的批内、批间RSD分别为0.29%～0.73%和0.18%～0.28%,回收率为99.6%～100.2%,采用IFCC RELA比对(JCTLM比对)样品进行了方法比较,测定结果与其他实验室相比偏差在0.8%范围内。方法可作为人血清中17β-雌二醇含量测量参考方法。     

甲基紫与牛血清白蛋白作用的荧光光谱研究

在pH 7.40的Tris-HC1缓冲溶液体系中,采用荧光光谱法和同步荧光光谱法研究了甲基紫(MV)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用.结果表明MV与BSA相互作用两者存在一个结合位点,结合常数(KA)为7.628×103 L/mol,MV与BSA主要发生疏水作用,反应是一个吸热、熵增的自发过程.