大学物理实验教学内容和教学方法改革与实施

本详尽地阐述了大学物理实验教学模式的改革与实施,并简要地说明了大学物理实验教学改革要立足于提高学生的科学素质,要不失时机地营造创造性培养环境,培养学生创新能力和实践能力。     

实验教学中创新能力的培养

在物理实验教学中,难点是学生创新能力的培养,本结合物理实验的特点。简要论述了培养创新能力需要解决的主要问题,达到培养学生分析问题和解决问题的目的。     

大学物理实验课培养创新能力的几点思考

摘要本文就高等教育培养具有创新意识人才的问题,结合教学实践,提出对大学物理实验课改革的一些看法,指出综合性实验的开设对大学生创新能力的培养意义重大。     

改革物理实验教学，注重创新能力培养

本文结合当前高等教育改革新形势,探索在实验教学平台上以增加学生创新思维和能力为目的的实验教学方法和教学模式,提出在物理实验教学中实施全方位综合素质与创新能力培养的有效途径。     

Unsymmetrical dyes derived from 7,8‐dihydrobenzo[c,d]furo[2,3‐f]indole

On the basis of the 7,8‐dihydrobenzo[c,d]furo[2,3‐f]indole nucleus, a number of unsymmetrical carbocyanines as well as styryl dyes have been synthesized and their absorption spectra have been measured. Starting from the deviations of long‐wavelength maxima, the value of electron‐donor ability D has been estimated for the heterocycle under study and a number of dye end groups have been ranked by their electron‐donor properties. Experimental inferences are supported by the quantum chemically calculated bond length alternations and energy levels for the dyes concerned. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Role of Entropy in Construct Specification Equations (CSE) to Improve the Validity of Memory Tests: Extension to Word Lists

Metrological methods for word learning list tests can be developed with an information theoretical approach extending earlier simple syntax studies. A classic Brillouin entropy expression is applied to the analysis of the Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test RAVLT (immediate recall), where more ordered tasks—with less entropy—are easier to perform. The findings from three case studies are described, including 225 assessments of the NeuroMET2 cohort of persons spanning a cognitive spectrum from healthy older adults to patients with dementia. In the first study, ordinality in the raw scores is compensated for, and item and person attributes are separated with the Rasch model. In the second, the RAVLT IR task difficulty, including serial position effects (SPE), particularly Primacy and Recency, is adequately explained (Pearson’s correlation R=0.80) with construct specification equations (CSE). The third study suggests multidimensionality is introduced by SPE, as revealed through goodness-of-fit statistics of the Rasch analyses. Loading factors common to two kinds of principal component analyses (PCA) for CSE formulation and goodness-of-fit logistic regressions are identified. More consistent ways of defining and analysing memory task difficulties, including SPE, can maintain the unique metrological properties of the Rasch model and improve the estimates and understanding of a person’s memory abilities on the path towards better-targeted and more fit-for-purpose diagnostics.     

Comparison of Different Extraction Processes on the Physicochemical Properties,Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Ability of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Kernel Oil

In this study, we investigated and compared the oil yield, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, nutrient content, and antioxidant ability of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge (X. sorbifolia) kernel oils obtained by cold-pressing (CP), hexane extraction (HE), aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The results indicated that X. sorbifolia oil contained a high percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (49.31–50.38%), especially oleic acid (30.73–30.98%) and nervonic acid (2.73–3.09%) and that the extraction methods had little effect on the composition and content of fatty acids. X. sorbifolia oil is an excellent source of nervonic acid. Additionally, the HE method resulted in the highest oil yield (98.04%), oxidation stability index (9.20 h), tocopherol content (530.15 mg/kg) and sterol content (2104.07 mg/kg). The DPPH scavenging activity rates of the oil produced by SFE was the highest. Considering the health and nutritional value of oils, HE is a promising method for X. sorbifolia oil processing. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the antioxidant capacity of the oil was negatively correlated with sterol and stearic acid content and positively correlated with linoleic acid, arachidic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content. This information is important for improving the nutritional value and industrial production of X. sorbifolia.     

盈余管理计量模型效力的实证研究

本文以随机抽取的上海和深圳证券交易所的1000家被并购上市公司为样本,研究了盈余管理计量模型的检验效力问题。本文通过三种验证各模型效力的实证方法比较了6种盈余管理的计量模型。研究发现:第一类误差的方法认为Healy模型、修正的琼斯模型和前瞻性修正的琼斯模型能有效地检验出盈余管理行为:预测误差标准方法则认为前瞻性修正的琼斯模型是最优的模型:而根据对操纵性应计部分的短期效应的实证则认为Healy模型、修正的琼斯模型、KS模型和前瞻性修正的琼斯模型是较优的计量模型。在综合考虑各种实证结果和中国资本市场实际情况的基础上,认为前瞻性修正的琼斯模型在中国证券市场检验盈余管理行为的效力最强。     

碱金属碱土金属化合物标准熵的拓扑研究

定义离子极化力参数 gi.在分子拓扑图的邻接矩阵基础上 ,由 gi 建构极化力连接性指数 mG ,其中 0 G、1G对无机分子有良好的结构选择性 .计算了 6 4种碱金属、碱土金属的氧化物、卤化物、硫化物、硒化物等的 0 G、1G ,发现它们的标准熵与分子的大小及分子中的原子数正相关 ,而与分子中离子的极化力负相关 .这与其标准熵的递变规律相一致 .所以 ,化合物的 0 G、1G必然与其标准熵表现出良好的相关性 .研究结果表明 ,其预测值和实验值基本吻合 ,优于Latimer法以及Randic Kier连接性指数