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121.
高水相W/O型乳化膏体油膜稳定性的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
高水相W/O型乳液是指水相体积占74%以上,属于高度不稳定的分散体系[1,2].乳化炸药的问世,使这种高水相W/O型乳液有了新的实际应用.这种炸药是90%~95%重的硝酸铵盐(占水相80%~90%重)水溶液高度分散在5%~10%的油相中构成W/O型乳... 相似文献
122.
Photocatalysis has been extensively studied due to its potential ability to avoid the excessive use of chemical reagents and reduce the energy consumption by employing solar energy. Moreover, to alleviate the reduction in the membrane permeation selectivity, separation efficiency, and membrane service life caused by the emerging micro-pollutants and membrane fouling, membrane technology is often coupled with microbial, electrochemical, and catalytic processes. However, although physical/chemical cleaning and membrane module replacement can overcome the inherent limitations caused by membrane fouling and other membrane separation processes, high operating costs limit their practical applications. In this review, common preparation methods for TiO2 photocatalytic membranes are described in detail, and the main approaches to enhancing their photocatalytic performance are discussed. More importantly, the mechanism of the TiO2 photocatalytic membrane antifouling process is elucidated, and some applications of photocatalytic membranes in other areas are described. This review systematically outlines future research directions in the field of photocatalytic membrane modification, including metal and non-metal doping, fabrication of heterojunction structures, control over reaction conditions, increase in hydrophilicity, and increase in membrane porosity. 相似文献
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124.
The effects of polymer chain rigidification, zeolite pore size and pore blockage on polyethersulfone (PES)-zeolite A mixed matrix membranes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yi Li Tai-Shung Chung Chun Cao Santi Kulprathipanja 《Journal of membrane science》2005,260(1-2):45-55
The polyethersulfone (PES)-zeolite 3A, 4A and 5A mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were fabricated with a modified solution-casting procedure at high temperatures close to the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of polymer materials. The effects of membrane preparation methodology, zeolite loading and pore size of zeolite on the gas separation performance of these mixed matrix membranes were studied. SEM results show the interface between polymer and zeolite in MMMs experiencing natural cooling is better (i.e., less defective) than that in MMMs experiencing immediate quenching. The increment of glass transition temperature (Tg) of MMMs with zeolite loading confirms the polymer chain rigidification induced by zeolite. The experimental results indicate that a higher zeolite loading results in a decrease in gas permeability and an increase in gas pair selectivity. The unmodified Maxwell model fails to correctly predict the permeability decrease induced by polymer chain rigidification near the zeolite surface and the partial pore blockage of zeolites by the polymer chains. A new modified Maxwell model is therefore proposed. It takes the combined effects of chain rigidification and partial pore blockage of zeolites into calculation. The new model shows much consistent permeability and selectivity predication with experimental data. Surprisingly, an increase in zeolite pore size from 3 to 5 Å generally not only increase gas permeability, but also gas pair selectivity. The O2/N2 selectivity of PES-zeolite 3A and PES-zeolite 4A membranes is very similar, while the O2/N2 selectivity of PES-zeolite 5A membranes is much higher. This implies the blockage may narrow a part of zeolite 5A pores to approximately 4 Å, which can discriminate the gas pair of O2 and N2, and narrow a part of zeolites 3A and 4A pores to smaller sizes. It is concluded that the partial pore blockage of zeolites by the polymer chains has equivalent or more influence on the separation properties of mixed matrix membranes compared with that of the polymer chain rigidification. 相似文献
125.
Impact Responses of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Based on the Membrane Factor Method北大核心CSCD
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Aimed at the internal short circuit problem due to large deformation of the prismatic lithium-ion battery cell under impact loadings, a simplified battery model was first established. Then the motion equations of velocity and displacement based on the membrane factor method were proposed. With the effects of the face-sheet thickness and the densification region on the normalized final deflection, impact response characteristics of prismatic battery cells were investigated in detail. The results show that, the improved motion equations involving the membrane factor can reflect the dynamic response mechanisms of the prismatic battery cell under impact loadings, and the large deflection under high-speed impact can be predicted. With the increase of the face-sheet thickness, the deflection of the battery cell’s lower part decreases obviously. However, the densification region expands with the face-sheet thickness. The deflection and the densification region of the cell’s lower part both increase with the inner core density of the battery. This proposed impact model provides a theoretical guidance for the multi-functional integrated dynamic design of prismatic battery cells. © 2022 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved. 相似文献
126.
Suyama Kyozo Fukazawa Yoshitaka Umetsu Yoshiyaki 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1994,(1):871-879
The egg shell membrane (ESM) is an intricate lattice network of stable and water-insoluble fibers with high surface area.
ESM accumulates and eliminates various heavy metal ions from dilute aqueous solution with high affinity and in short contact
time, depending on pH and characteristics of the individual ion. Under certain conditions, the level of precious ions, Au,
Pt, and Pd accumulation approaches 55, 25, and 22% of dry wt of ESM, respectively. Also uranium uptake 30% of that of ESM.
Experiments suggested that ESM is promising to use for the purpose of removal/recovery of metals and water pollution control. 相似文献
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128.
Beiträge zur Chemie der Pyrrolpigmente, 70. Mitt.: Zum aktiven Transport mit tripyrrinoiden Liganden
The tripyrrin carboxylic acid6 exhibits a pronounced efficiency for carrier mediated proton driven secondary active transport (counter transport) for a series of toxic or valuable cations in a bulk chloroform membrane. In case of Zn++ ions the mechanism including complete concentration profiles forNerst diffusion layers and bulk phase have been established. This compound might be used for detoxification or enrichment of precious metals using membrane separation systems.
Herrn Prof. Dr.A. Neckel mit den besten Wünschen zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
129.
冠醚改性聚甲基硅氧烷液膜离子传输性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
合成了两种新型的冠醚改性聚甲基硅氧烷,研究了它们作为液膜离子传输载体对离子的传输性能,并考察了膜的稳定性。 相似文献
130.
As the application of a dielectric theory proposed previously (J Membrane Sci 64:153–161 (1991)), theoretical formulation and the practical procedure of dielectric analysis are developed to calculate the structural parameters such as the conductivity gradient and the thickness of the concentration polarization layer, the capacitances and the conductances of the two adjoining aqueous phases from the observed dielectric parameters. The procedure of calculation consequent upon the theoretical formulation was applied to double relaxation data observed for cation-exchange membrane systems under application of d.c. bias voltage. As a consequence, the structural parameters of concentration polarization were readily obtained with accuracy. 相似文献