Fracture mechanical damage modelling of thermal barrier coatings

Summary The problem of how to avoid damage of TBCs has been approached by calculating the energy release rate of two crack configurations under thermal loading. This has been done for the limiting cases of perfect and lacking heat transfer across the crack. Suitable grading of TBCs is a means of suppressing the tendency to delamination and damage by both decreasing the energy release rate G and increasing its critical value G _c . TBCs can be graded such that delamination cracks would be deflected into depth where G _c is sufficiently high to avoid crack propagation. Received 31 March 1999; accepted for publication 10 June 1999     

Formation and Depth Profiling Analysis of Multilayers Derived from Sol-Gel Processing Using Dynamic SIMS, RBS, and TEM

Silica sol-gel single layer AR coatings are used in high peak power pulsed lasers due to their high laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) and their low refractive index (1.22). We have used sol-gel processing to spin and dip coat multilayers of alternating high index (zirconia/hafnia) and low index (base catalysed silica) sol-gels on to fused silica substrates. When tailored at the correct thickness these stacks have shown >95% reflectivity at 355 nm and normal incidence whilst retaining a high LIDT. Depth profiling using Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (DSIMS) and Rutherford back scattering (RBS) through these multilayer coatings has revealed the effect of increasing the number of layers in the stack. Results are presented for both spin and dip coated multilayers and a significant difference in the interfacial boundary is seen between the two coating processes. These differences are related to changes in the LIDT of the coatings. Individual layer thicknesses were estimated using this technique and compared to values gained from UV-Visible spectroscopy. TEM analysis of an ion-milled cross-section of the multilayers was performed showing the colloidal silica coatings and the depth of interpenetration of the interfaces.     

表面水热碳层对磁性NiFe2O4八面体光催化活性的影响

采用葡萄糖水热碳化法合成了一系列碳层包覆的NiFe₂O₄核壳八面体(NiFe₂O₄@C). 通过调控葡萄糖的含量可以有效控制NiFe₂O₄表面包覆的碳层厚度. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 拉曼光谱(Roman)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等对NiFe₂O₄@C的组成、 结构、 形貌和光学性能进行了表征. 考察了表面水热碳层对NiFe₂O₄光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)性能的影响. 结果表明, NiFe₂O₄的光催化活性很大程度上依赖于在其表面包覆的碳层厚度, 碳层厚度为5.5 nm的NiFe₂O₄@C-3展现了最佳的光催化活性. 荧光光谱(PL)、 瞬态光电流和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)表征结果证明, NiFe₂O₄@C的光催化性能的提升归因于在NiFe₂O₄核和碳壳之间形成了异质结, 有效地促进了光生载流子的传输和分离效率. NiFe₂O₄@C复合材料展现了较好的稳定性和可回收性, 在污水处理方面有很大的应用潜力.     

等离激元共振光转热增强负载纳米金对丁二烯选择性加氢的催化性能

采用阳离子吸附法制备了氧化石墨烯负载纳米金(Au)催化剂(Au/GO), 通过调变Au的负载量(质量分数0.2%~2%), 实现了Au在10~21 nm粒径的可控制备. 室温下热红外测试显示0.2 W/cm²光照条件下, 随着金属负载量和粒径的增加, Au/GO光热温度可升高至110 ℃, 且光热转换效率高达88%. 研究发现, 以丁二烯的选择性催化加氢作为探针反应, 在0.2 W/cm²光照条件下, 丁二烯的转化率随Au负载量的增加先升高后降低, 丁烯选择性在90%以上; 当金负载量为0.5%(颗粒尺寸约15 nm), 光热转换温度为100 ℃时, 样品表现出较高的丁二烯转化率(99%)和丁烯选择性(90%), 且催化剂经过144 h稳定性测试无失活趋势. 与同等条件下的热催化反应相比, 光-热驱动的Au/GO的催化活性提高了5倍. 原位X射线光电子能谱测试分析表明, Au/GO催化性能的提升主要来源于等离子体光转热过程中激发纳米金表面产生了大量的Au ^δ+活性位点.     

碳化钼改性二氧化硅的制备及其电化学性能

采用硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖分别作为硅源、钼源和碳源,通过溶胶?凝胶法制备了碳包覆二氧化硅（SiO₂）和碳化钼（Mo₂C）颗粒的SiO₂/Mo₂C/C复合物,并借助X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等仪器对复合物的物相组成、形貌结构等进行了表征测试,同时研究了复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,当硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖的质量比为3∶1∶2（记为SiO₂/Mo₂C/C 2）用作锂离子电池的负极材料时具有较好的电化学性能。在电流密度为100 mA/g,首次充电和放电比容量分别为662和896 mA·h/g,经过200次循环后,可逆容量仍可达625 mA·h/g。即使在2 A/g的大电流密度下,可逆容量仍可达272 mA·h/g。该复合材料表现出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性,这主要归因于Mo₂C具有良好的稳定性和较高的导电性,提高了SiO₂的导电性,同时碳包覆层可以保护核心材料直接与电解液反应生成副产物,还可以作为缓冲层减缓SiO₂的体积膨胀,因此在进行充放电的过程中,材料的电化学性能得到显著的提升。在此提出利用过渡金属碳化物改善SiO₂导电性和循环性能的新思想,可以为其它负极材料的改性提供新的研究思路并扩宽研究方向。     

Pd改性多活性位点催化剂NH3-SCR脱硝反应机理研究

低温SCR脱硝技术具有效率高、能耗低、无二次污染等优点,是很有前途的脱硝净化技术.我们制备了一系列多活性位点催化剂（Pd_xV_y/TiO₂）,并对其NH₃-SCR脱硝性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,Pd_0.12V₄/TiO₂催化剂在250℃时可达到接近100%的NO_x转化率和N₂选择性.结合XRD、TEM、XPS、H₂-TPR、in situ DRIFT和DFT分析,考察了催化剂表面NO_x催化脱除机理.所得数据表明,该催化剂对NH₃、O₂和NO_x等反应气体分子表现出强烈的吸附性能,且均为化学吸附,所有组分（Pd O_x和VO_x）在NO_x的催化脱除中发挥着不可或缺的作用,而氧化还原循环(2V⁴⁺(Ti     

Effect of particle size in fluidization of polyethylene particle mixtures on the extent of bed electrification and wall coating

In this work the effects of polyethylene fluidizing particle size (smaller than 400 μm) on the degree of fluidized bed electrification and wall coating formation was studied. Experiments were conducted in a stainless steel, 0.15 m diameter column, under ambient conditions. Polyethylene resin as received (20–1500 μm) as well as mono-sized and binary mixture of large (600–710 μm) and small (212–300 & 300–425 μm) polyethylene particles were fluidized while their mass, net specific charge and size distribution in the bulk of the bed and the wall coating were measured. For the binary mixture the fraction of the small particles examined were 5%–10% and 20%. The extent of wall coating varied between different cases tested with the mono-sized large particles resulting in the most amount coating. It was found that as the fraction of the small particles in the binary mixture was increased, these particles formed majority of the wall coating. At the mass fraction of 20%, the extent of wall coating and its net specific charge were similar to that of resin as received. Overall results implied that the magnitude of the smaller sized particles within the resin played an important role in the degree of particles electrostatic charging and the extent of the particles adhesion to the column wall. Small particles were found to generate a much larger net specific charge which although resulted in them coating the column wall but prevented the coating layer growth.     

Co元素对硬质合金基底金刚石涂层膜基界面结合强度的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法, 研究了硬质合金刀具基底黏结相Co元素对金刚石涂层膜基界面结合强度的影响机理. 借助Materials Studio软件建立了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型, 采用CASTEP仿真软件计算了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型的最优稳定结构. 通过仿真计算, 获得了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型的界面结合能、电荷密度图及Mulliken重叠布居数. 经对比分析后发现, 硬质合金基底中磁性元素Co的存在能转移金刚石涂层膜基界面处W元素及C元素的电荷, 从而使膜基界面处的原子因失电荷而相斥, 这直接导致了金刚石涂层膜基界面间距变大, 使得金刚石涂层膜基界面结合能降低.     

Antireflection ln2O3 coatings of self‐organized TiO2 nanotube layers prepared by atomic layer deposition

We report on the uniform anti‐reflection coating of TiO₂ nanotube layers with a secondary material – indium trioxide (In₂O₃) – by atomic layer deposition (ALD). We provide for the first time the detailed evidence of the ALD deposited coating inside nanotubes for three different tube layers with aspect ratio up to ≈80, which is so far the highest aspect ratio reported for ALD‐processed self‐organized anodic TiO₂ nanotubes. We show that uniform In₂O₃coating of the nanotubes strongly influences the overall reflectance of the layers due to intrinsic properties of In₂O₃. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)