分析化学中的非线性校准

对分析化学中的非线性校准作了系统的讨论，对近年来分析化学中非线性及有关问题的方法和研究进展作了较全面的评述，各种非线性校准方法可不同程度地成功地用于解决非线性问题，迄今为止，人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）被认为是解决非线性校准问题的最优方法之一。     

Identification of micro-scale calorimetric devices

Summary Using an RC model, the behavior of a TAM high-performance calorimeter (Thermometric AB, Sweden) equipped with a flow-mixing insertion vessel using independent pumps for each reactant is studied. The model shows a reliable sensitivity behavior for mixtures realized inside the cell. The model behavior is compared with experimental measurements.</o:p>     

Resolution of mixtures of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by fluorescence using partial least squares multivariate calibration with previous wavelength selection by Kohonen artificial neural networks

A spectrofluorometric method for the quantitative determination of flufenamic, mefenamic and meclofenamic acids in mixtures has been developed by recording emission fluorescence spectra between 370 and 550 nm with an excitation wavelength of 352 nm. The excitation–emission spectra of these compounds are deeply overlapped which does not allow their direct determination without previous separation. The proposed method applies partial least squares (PLS) multivariate calibration to the resolution of this mixture using a set of wavelengths previously selected by Kohonen artificial neural networks (K-ANN). The linear calibration graphs used to construct the calibration matrix were selected in the ranges from 0.25 to 1.00 μg ml⁻¹ for flufenamic and meclofenamic acids, and from 1.00 to 4.00 μg ml⁻¹ for mefenamic acid. A cross-validation procedure was used to select the number of factors. The selected calibration model has been applied to the determination of these compounds in synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations.     

Mass spectrometric method for the absolute calibration of the intramolecular nitrogen isotope distribution in nitrous oxide

A mass spectrometric method to determine the absolute intramolecular (position-dependent) nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrous oxide (N₂O) has been developed. It is based on the addition of different amounts of doubly labeled ¹⁵N₂O to an N₂O sample of the isotope ratio mass spectrometer reference gas, and subsequent measurement of the relative ion current ratios of species with mass 30, 31, 44, 45, and 46. All relevant quantities are measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometers, which means that the machines inherent high precision of the order of 10^–5 can be fully exploited. External determination of dilution factors with generally lower precision is avoided. The method itself can be implemented within a day, but a calibration of the oxygen and average nitrogen isotope ratios relative to a primary isotopic reference material of known absolute isotopic composition has to be performed separately. The underlying theoretical framework is explored in depth. The effect of interferences due to ¹⁴N¹⁵N¹⁶O and ¹⁵N¹⁴N¹⁶O in the ¹⁵N₂O sample and due to ¹⁵N ₂ ⁺ formation are fully accounted for in the calculation of the final position-dependent nitrogen isotope ratios. Considering all known statistical uncertainties of measured quantities and absolute isotope ratios of primary isotopic reference materials, we achieve an overall uncertainty of 0.9 (1). Using tropospheric N₂O as common reference point for intercomparison purposes, we find a substantially higher relative enrichment of ¹⁵N at the central nitrogen atom over ¹⁵N at the terminal nitrogen atom than measured previously for tropospheric N₂O based on a chemical conversion method: 46.3±1.4 as opposed to 18.7±2.2. However, our method depends critically on the absolute isotope ratios of the primary isotopic reference materials air–N₂ and VSMOW. If they are systematically wrong, our estimates will also necessarily be incorrect.     

气相色谱-质谱联用仪常见故障的排除

介绍气相色谱-质谱联用仪的常见故障：与质谱仪调谐相关的故障、与校准和灵敏度相关的故障及与色谱图和质谱图相关的故障，给出了产生故障的可能原因，提出了故障排除的方法。     

聚合物重氮偶合反应制备二阶非线性光学聚酰亚胺

在合成一种新的二胺单体[2-(N-乙基苯胺基)-乙氧基对苯二胺]基础上,与6FDA(4,4′-(六氟异丙基)-双邻苯二甲酸酐)反应制备了聚酰亚胺先驱聚合物,利用聚合物的后重氮偶合反应将硝基偶氮苯生色团引入到聚合物当中.此方法避免了亚胺化苛刻条件对生色团的影响,在温和条件下能达到高的官能化度.对侧链型偶氮聚酰亚胺材料的二阶非线性光学性能进行了测试,其d33可达39.2 pm/V.     

New reference materials for the calibration (temperature and energy) of differential thermal analysers and scanning calorimeters

Several organic compounds like phenanthrene, benzanilide, anisic acid, triphenylene, 2-chloroanthraquinone, hexachlorobenzene, carbazole, 4-iodobenzoic acid, perylene, anthraquinone, as new reference materials for temperature and energy calibration of DTA and DSC apparatuses were studied in the range 300—600 K.

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Zusammenfassung Als neue Referenzsubstanzen für Temperatur- und Energiekalibrierung von DTA- und DSC-Geräten wurden im Temperaturbereich 300–600 K einige organische Verbindungen, wie z.B. Phenanthren, Benzanilid, Anissäure, Triphenylen, 2-Chloranthrachinon, Hexachlorbenzol, Karbazol, 4-Jodbenzoesäure, Perylen und Anthrachinon untersucht.

     

Second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory with terms linear in the interelectronic coordinates and exact evaluation of three-electron integrals

 The second-order correlation energy of M?ller–Plesset perturbation theory is computed for the neon atom using a wave function that depends explicitly on the interelectronic coordinates (MP2-R12). The resolution-of-identity (RI) approximation, which is invoked in the standard formulation of MP2-R12 theory, is largely avoided by rigorously computing the necessary three-electron integrals. The basis-set limit for the second-order correlation energy is reached to within 0.1 mE _h. A comparison with the conventional RI-based MP2-R12 method shows that only three-electron integrals over s and p orbitals need to be computed exactly, indicating that the RI approximation can be safely used for integrals involving orbitals of higher angular momentum. Received: 9 May 2001 / Accepted: 31 October 2001 / Published online: 9 January 2002     

Quantum chemical calculation studies on 4-phenyl-1-(1-phenylethylidene)thiosemicarbazide

Ab initio calculations of the structure, atomic charges, natural bond orbital and thermodynamic functions have been performed at HF/6-311G^** and B3LYP/6-311G^** levels of theory for the title compound of 4-phenyl-1-(1-phenylethylidene) thiosemicarbazide. The calculated results show that the sulfur atom and all of the nitrogen atoms have bigger negative charges and that they are the potential sites to react with the metallic ions, which make the title compound a multidentate ligand. The coordination ability of the sulfur atom and the nitrogen atom of C=N double bond increases with the increase of polarity of the solvent. Electronic absorption spectra have been calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method. The calculation of the second-order optical nonlinearity has also been carried out with the PM3 semi-empirical method, resulting in the molecular hyperpolarisability is 5.477×10⁻³⁰ esu.