New flavanones from Scutellaria phyllostachya roots

The new natural flavanones (+)-5,2′-dihydroxy-6,6′,7-trimethoxyflavanone and (+)-5,2′-dihydroxy-6,6′,7,8-tetramethoxyflavanone in addition to the known flavones chrysin, norwogonin, and wogonin were isolated from Scutellaria phyllostachya roots. The structures of the isolated compounds were established using IR, UV and PMR spectra. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–25, January–February, 2008.     

Comparative chemical fingerprinting of Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

Introduction: Identification of Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis provides an interesting challenge in selection of biomarker compound to be used in routine analysis. Both plants have similar phytochemical profile and are rich sources of flavones and flavone glycosides. The objective of this study was to prepare the chemical fingerprinting of O. indicum bark and S. baicalensis roots using the liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy in single chromatographic method. Materials and methods: Extracts prepared using various solvent systems (methanol, aqueous methanol, chloroform, hexane, and water) of both plants were analyzed using C18 reverse phase column with solvent system containing acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid. Major flavonoids were identified based on mass spectra, fragmentation pattern, and UV spectra. Results: In this article, well-resolved high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation in both plant extracts was obtained and chemical fingerprints for both plant extracts were established and flavonoids present (baicalin, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, chrysin-7-O-glucuronide, baicalein, chrysin, oroxylin-A, wogonin, skullcap flavone II) were identified as possible biomarkers. Conclusion: Mass spectrometry coupled with HPLC can be a tool for fingerprinting of various natural products used in dietary supplement industry. The fingerprint developed in the article can be used for quality evaluation as well as identifying possible adulteration of extracts of both the plants.     

Topical application of Scutellaria baicalensis suppresses 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a prototypic T-cell-mediated cutaneous inflammatory response. In the present study we describe the anti-allergic effect of topically applied Scutellaria bacalensis aqueous extract (WSBE) in suppressing 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced ACD in BALB/c mice. Topically applied WSBE attenuated the epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration into the skin in DNCB-induced contact dermatitis. Furthermore, WSBE suppressed DNCB-induced production of serum IgE as well as IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the skin. Topical application of WSBE also ameliorated the significant decrease in dermal glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. Moreover, present results demonstrated that the baicalin, bioactive compound of WSBE, was able to penetrate into the skin following topical application, which was confirmed by the HPLC analysis using rat model. Taken together, topical application of WSBE exerts beneficial effects in contact dermatitis model, suggesting that WSBE might be a candidate for the treatment of contact dermatitis.     

FLAVONOIDS OF Scutellaria ocellata AND S. nepetoides

The known flavonoids oroxylin A, wogonin, apigenin, 3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone, cinaroside, baicalin, and wogonoside were isolated from the aerial part ofScutellaria ocellataJuz.; apigenin-7-O--D-glucuronide, norwogonoside, scutellarin, and the new flavoneglycoside nepetoside A, 5,8-dihydroxy-7-O--D-galacturonidopyranosylflavone, from the roots ofScutellaria nepetoidesM. Pop. The structure of the last is established using chemical transformations and spectral data.     

Flavonoids from the Roots of Scutellaria Luzonica Rolfe

Seventeen flavonoids were isolated from the roots of Scutellaria luzonica Rolfe. These compounds in elude thirteen flavones ( 1–13 ), two flavanones ( 14–15 ), a chalcone ( 16 ) and a flavone glucoside ( 17 ).     

Lamiaceae carbohydrates. V. structure of glucoarabinogalactan from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scutellaria baicalensis</Emphasis>

Chemical and spectral methods were used to establish that polysaccharide WSPS-3 isolated from the aerial part of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) was an acetylated glucoarabinogalactan, the main chain of which consisted of α-(1→6)-bonded galactopyranose with side chains consisting of arabinopyranose and partially acetylated glucopyranose residues located on C-2 and C-3. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 454–456, September-October, 2008.     

Lamiaceae carbohydrates. IV. Water-soluble polysaccharides from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scutellaria baicalensis</Emphasis>

The composition of water-soluble polysaccharides from the aerial part of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) was studied. It was found that the dominant polymers were WSPS′-1, WSPS′-2, and WSPS′-3, which were characterized preliminarily as partially acetylated glucoarabinogalactans, for which antioxidant activity was found. Two homoglucans of the starch type were minor components. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 451–453, September-October, 2008.     

Scutellarein from Scutellaria barbata induces apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT116 cells through the ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway

To search novel therapy for human colon cancer, scutellarein identified from Scutellaria barbata was investigated using HCT116 cells. As a result, scutellarein can induce apoptosis of HCT116 cells. Further investigation for the mechanism has revealed scutellarein can increase the production of intracellular ROS and lead to the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, the activity of caspase-3 in HCT116 cells was elevated by scutellarein. Moreover, down-regulated Bcl-2 and up-regulated Bax were observed. Additionaly, scutellarein resulted in cytochrome c release from mitochondria. These results indicated the apoptosis induction of HCT116 cells by scutellarein was implemented through ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway.     

黄芩采收季节的红外光谱三级鉴别与主成分分析

中药的采收季节与药物质量有着密切的关联,研究不同季节采收药材的差异并对其进行准确识别,对中药药理研究与质量控制意义重大。采用红外光谱三级鉴别法,对春季和秋季采收的黄芩进行研究。结果表明,春季与秋季采收的黄芩红外光谱吸收峰位置较相似,但是酯类化合物中羰基CO的1 740 cm-1特征吸收峰,黄酮类成分1 614 cm-1附近特征吸收峰及糖类成分1 071 cm-1附近吸收峰的相对峰强度差别显著。通过二者相对峰强度的不同发现春季采收的黄芩药材中黄酮类和酯类成分高于秋季采收的药材。比较二者在1 300～400 cm-1波数范围内的二阶导数红外光谱,得出其所含糖类物质有所不同。二者的差异在二维相关红外光谱上更加直观显著。对16个批次的春季与秋季采收黄芩药材红外光谱进行了主成分分析,结果表明二者可以得到准确区分。综上,红外光谱三级鉴别法与主成分分析相结合,可以准确鉴别春季和秋季采收的黄芩,并分析其化学成分的差异。     

黄芩总黄酮的含量测定及提取工艺优化

采用乙醇回流提取法,以亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠为试剂、芦丁为对照测定黄芩中总黄酮的含量。在单因素试验的基础上,以正交试验法对黄芩总黄酮的提取工艺进行优化研究。黄芩中总黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度60%、回流时间3.5h、料液比为1∶50、回流温度60℃,在最佳条件下的黄酮含量为18.225m g/g。试验方法简单、方便、结果准确、可靠、最佳条件适合批量生产中该药材的提取。