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91.
92.
通过时TS3000 总硫分析仪气体进样模块的简单改装,利用仪器的富集功能,使其可以分析由质量流量控制器原理发生的低含量、低压力的硫化氢气体,解决了TS3000 总硫分析仪不能检测压力较低样品的难题.对不同含量硫化氢样气体的分析结果表明,改装后的仪器仍具有很好的线性及准确度,同时验证了仪器改装方法的可行性. 相似文献
93.
The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process of creating highly structured thin films derived from layers of polyelectrolytes
and nanoparticles was adopted in this study to modify the surface of lignocellulosic fibers. Aqueous dispersions of clay nanoplatelets
were created with ultrasonication and characterized with dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy in which confirmed
the presence of individual clay nanoplatelets. Film thickness of never-dried clay and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
(PDDA) multilayers was studied with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Using identical LbL
deposition parameters, a slurry of steam-exploded wood fibers was modified by alternate adsorption of PDDA and clay with multiple
rinsing steps after each adsorption cycle. Zeta potential measurements were used to characterize the fiber surface charges
after each adsorption step while SEM images revealed that the LbL film masked the cellulose microfibril structure. Using a
thermogravimetric analyzer, LbL modified steam-exploded wood fibers were observed to attain increased thermal stability relative
to the unmodified material tested in both air and nitrogen atmospheres. Significant char for the LbL clay coated steam-exploded
wood suggests the multilayer film serves as a barrier creating an insulating layer to prevent further decomposition of the
material. This nanotechnology may have a positive impact on the processing of lignocellulosic fibers in thermoplastic matrices,
designing of paper-based overlays for building products, and modification of cellulosic fibers for textiles. 相似文献
94.
采用硫酸作溶剂及催化剂,1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷(BCMB)为氯甲基化试剂,在均相反应体系中对酚酞聚芳醚酮(PEK-C)进行氯甲基化改性。 采用无致癌性的BCMB作为氯甲基化试剂实现了环境友好,并且成本低,效率高。 试验结果表明,反应机理由苯环亲电取代与亲核取代2种反应构成。 为避免交联反应的发生,反应要在较低温度下进行(10~30 ℃)。 在此温度范围内可制得氯甲基化程度达3.4且完全线型的氯甲基化酚酞聚芳醚酮。 通过反应温度及时间可对树脂氯甲基化程度(χCH2Cl-)实施有效的调控。 CMPEK-C的结构由IR和1H NMR进行了表征,测定了CMPEK-C的Tg与χCH2Cl-之间的依赖关系及CMPEK-C的耐热及溶解性能。 相似文献
95.
Raffaella Suriano Jasmin Hume Marco Cereda Marco De Fazio Marco Bianchessi Marinella Levi Stefano Turri 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2011,43(12):1498-1508
There is a great need to improve the biocompatibility of silicon‐based lab‐on‐chip substrate materials for reliable quantitative analysis of biological solutions. These advanced microdevice surfaces need not only be biocompatible but also have surfaces of defined wettability characteristics. The inhibition of biomolecular activity due to microdevice surface interaction is common and can result in inaccurate results or decreased reaction yields. In this work we investigate different techniques for the chemical functionalization of oxidized silicon (SiOx) surfaces in order to: (i) obtain defined hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces; and (ii) increase the efficiency of performing Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on a silicon‐based lab‐on‐chip. Silicon oxide surfaces are functionalized by grafting alkylic chain silanes and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains to the surfaces, rendering them hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Functionalized surfaces are characterized through contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, showing stable hydrophobic surfaces with contact angles of 69–78° and layer thicknesses of 11–15 Å and hydrophilic surfaces displaying contact angles of 5–6° and thicknesses of 22–52 Å. PCR experiments carried out directly on bare silicon oxide lab‐on‐chip surfaces show low yields of DNA amplification. Hydrophobic surfaces decrease the inhibition of PCR. Hydrophilic surfaces are a major improvement on the bare silicon oxide exhibiting the same maximum reaction yield as obtained with a standard thermocycler. We have found that the best results are associated with PEG modified surfaces, which prove very suitable for the fabrication of reliable PCR silicon lab‐on‐chips. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
96.
Volodymyr Samaryk Sergiy Varvarenko Ihor Tarnavchyk Nataliya Nosova Nataliia Puzko Stanislav Voronov 《Macromolecular Symposia》2008,267(1):113-117
A principal possibility of the utilization of polymer peroxides for the modification of polymer surfaces that provides an immobilization of the tailored quantity of peroxide groups at them has been established. The processes of polymer surface activation with following “grafting from” or “grafting to” utilizing immobilized peroxide groups has been studied using a FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, ellipsometry and measurements of contact angles. The proposed technique of polymer surface activation is based on the universal ability of carbon chain polymer to participate the free radical reactions. 相似文献
97.
Kamisetty NK Pack SP Nonogawa M Devarayapalli KC Kodaki T Makino K 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,386(6):1649-1655
Aminosilane-treated molecular layers on glass surfaces are frequently used as functional platforms for biosensor preparation.
All the amino groups present on the surface are not available in reactive forms, because surface amino groups interact with
remaining unreacted surface silanol groups. Such nonspecific interactions might reduce the efficiency of chemical immobilization
of biomolecules such as DNA, enzymes, antibodies, etc., in biosensor fabrication. To improve immobilization efficiency we
have used additional surface silanization with alkylsilane (capping) to convert the remaining silanol groups into Si–O–Si
linkages, thereby liberating the amino groups from nonspecific interaction with the silanol groups. We prepared different
types of capped amine surface and evaluated the effect of capping on immobilization efficiency by investigating the fluorescence
intensity of Cy3-NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) dye that reacted with amino groups. The results indicate that most of the capped amine surfaces resulted
in enhanced efficiency of immobilization of Cy3-NHS compared with the untreated control amine surface. We found a trend that
trialkoxysilanes had greater capping effects on immobilization efficiency than monoalkoxysilanes. It was also found that the
aliphatic chain of alkylsilane, which does not participate in the capping of the silanol, had an important function in enhancing
immobilization efficiency. These results would be useful for preparation of an amine-modified surface platform, with enhanced
immobilization efficiency, which is essential for developing many kinds of biosensors on a silica matrix.
Enhancement of amine funtionality by capping with alkylsilane 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
T.R. KukrejaD. Kumar K. PrasadR.C. Chauhan S. ChoeP.P. Kundu 《European Polymer Journal》2002,38(7):1417-1422
Response surface methodology was used for predicting the optimal composition of vegetable oil and carbon black in rubber compounding. Central composite rotatable design for two variables at five levels was chosen as the experimental design. The data obtained from measurement of properties was fitted as a two variable second order equation and were plotted as contour plots using programme developed in MATLAB v.5. It is observed from the contour plots that the increase in cross-link density caused by the formation of rubber mono-layer from its multi-layer on increasing the carbon black loading upto the central point (50 phr) of experimental region increases 300% modulus and elongation at break and reduces the ultimate properties like tear strength and tensile strength. On the other-hand hardness increases with increase in solid inclusion of carbon black. From the contours it is observed that the addition of vegetable oil upto 2-3 phr, cross-link density increases due to its coupling action leading to increase in hardness and modulus and lowering of ultimate properties like tensile strength and elongation at break. Addition of further amount of vegetable oil shows less coupling and more plasticising effect leading to increase in tear strength, tensile strength and elongation at break and decrease in hardness and 300% modulus. 相似文献