Investigation of filiform corrosion of coated aluminium

Filiform corrosion on different aluminium alloys, coated with a clear varnish has been studied. Image analysis and metallographies were used to characterize the corrosion. It has been shown, that filiform corrosion consists of a lateral propagation of filaments and an attack on the aluminium under the filaments. The extent of filiform corrosion is dependent on the sort of alloy and the pretreatment of metall surfaces.     

预处理条件对高浓度过氧化氢分解用银网催化剂初始活性的影响

 通过电镀法制备了用于催化分解高浓度过氧化氢的银网催化剂,采用过氧化氢预处理的方法对其初始催化性能进行了改进. 结果表明,采用90%过氧化氢预处理可明显提高银网催化剂的初始活性,扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱表征结果显示90%过氧化氢预处理后的银网催化剂表面形成了大量1 μm的沟壑并有Ag2O的生成,这是其性能提高的主要原因.     

Effect of pretreatment gases on the performance of WO3/SiO2 catalysts in the metathesis of 1-butene and ethene to propene

Different gases were employed to pretreat WO₃/SiO₂ for the metathesis of 1-butene and ethene to propene. Air-pretreated WO₃/SiO₂ was inactive, whereas N₂-, N₂/H₂-, and H₂-pretreated WO₃/SiO₂ exhibited high 1-butene conversion and propene selectivity. Tetragonal WO₃ and partially reduced WO_2.92 were found to be the active phases/species, whereas monoclinic WO₃ was inactive. N₂/H₂- and H₂-pretreated WO₃/SiO₂ contained both W⁶⁺ and W⁵⁺ species (i.e., nonstoichiometric WO_3−x). Air- and N₂-pretreated WO₃/SiO₂ only contained monoclinic W⁶⁺ species (WO₃) before the reaction. However, the used N₂-pretreated WO₃/SiO₂ contained both W⁶⁺ and W⁵⁺ species, suggesting that the N₂ pretreatment can facilitate the formation of some W⁵⁺ species during the reaction. This in situ partial reduction can activate the N₂-pretreated WO₃/SiO₂ for the metathesis.     

Enhancement of carbon nanotube growth yield on Inconel 600 substrates through the surface pretreatments combining thermal annealing and plasma ion bombardment

We report the drastic growth yield enhancement of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on Inconel 600 metal substrate which contains catalytic components through the surface pretreatments combining thermal annealing and plasma ion bombardment. We comparatively investigated the effect of different substrate pretreatments of air annealing, plasma treatment, and their combination affecting CNT growth yield. The roughness of the substrates was significantly enhanced by the air annealing at 725 °C but reduced after the following plasma treatment, which produce nano-sized particle structures. Finally, a significant enhancement in the CNT growth yield was observed when the Inconel 600 substrate was undergone the pretreatment, which consists of oxidative annealing and subsequent plasma treatment.     

Effective extraction of triazines from environmental water samples using magnetism-enhanced monolith-based in-tube solid phase microextraction

This article reports on the effective extraction of triazines from environmental water samples using magnetism-enhanced monolith-based in-tube solid phase microextraction (ME-MB/IT-SPME). Firstly, monolithic poly (octyl methacrylate-co-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) capillary column doped with magnetic nanoparticles was synthesized inside a fused silica. After that, the monolithic capillary column was placed inside a magnetic coil that allowed the exertion of a variable magnetic field during adsorption and desorption steps. The effects of intensity of magnetic field, adsorption and desorption flow rate, volume of sample and desorption solvent, pH value and ionic strength in sample matrix on the performance of ME-MB/IT-SPME for triazines were investigated in details. Under the optimized conditions, the developed ME-MB/IT-SPME showed satisfactory quantitative extraction efficiencies of the target analytes between 64.8% and 99.7%. At the same time, the ME-MB/IT-SPME was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection to detect six triazines in water samples. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were in the ranges of 0.074–0.23 μg/L and 0.24–0.68 μg/L, respectively. The precision of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of intra- and inter-assay variability calculated as relative standard deviation, and it was found that the values were all below 10%. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied for environmental water samples such as farmland, lake and river water with spiked recoveries in the range of 70.7–119%.     

塑料食品接触材料样品前处理与检测技术研究进展

塑料食品接触材料是食品接触材料类别中最常见的一种材料,其本身可能含有的潜在化学危害物质在与食品接触过程中发生吸收、溶解、扩散等迁移行为,进而造成食品污染,危害食品质量安全。采用适宜的样品前处理和检测技术对迁移物进行鉴别分析是塑料食品接触材料安全所面临的巨大挑战。该文就塑料食品接触材料的样品前处理技术和仪器分析技术进行了综述,并展望了其发展趋势和应用前景,旨在为从事塑料食品接触材料质量安全研究和检测的技术人员提供技术参考。     

扬帆启航：电化学实验初步

电化学是研究电能和化学能相互转化的规律的科学。电能和化学能之间的相互转换,是通过电极/电解质溶液表界面的结构变化和电荷转移反应来实现的。以电化学能源器件为例,前者为超级电容器,能量存储和释放主要通过界面双电层的表界面结构变化来实现;后者为化学电源,能量存储和释放主要通过电极活性物质的表界面化学反应来实现。所以,研究一个电化学体系时,主要关注两个问题,即表界面结构和表界面电荷转移反应。而表界面结构直接影响表界面电荷转移反应的性质,因此,从电化学实验的角度,表界面的构筑是至关重要的,包括电极的制备和表征、电极修饰材料的制备及组装、溶剂和支持电解质的选择和优化、电化学实验环境等等。本文旨在向广大电化学初学者讲述电化学实验的准备工作以及对实验现场数据的基本判断,帮助大家在实验中及时发现问题,及早采取措施,高效率地获取可信的实验数据。     

蛋中全氟/多氟化合物的分析方法及其作为污染指示物的应用

全氟和多氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl and poly-fluoroalkylated substances, PFASs)在环境中有极强的持久性和生物富集能力,在全球生态系统及人体中已被普遍检出,其潜在的毒性引起了人们高度关注。蛋是卵生动物生命的起源,同时其营养丰富,是人类主要的蛋白质来源之一,因此,蛋中的污染物水平一方面有可能影响卵生动物种族繁衍,另一方面也关系到人类的健康风险。近年来禽蛋类样品作为非损伤性生物基质已广泛应用于生物体和生态系统污染情况的评估,同时利用蛋类样品中污染物水平评估相应的遗传发育毒性风险和摄入健康风险的研究也逐渐增多。该文对现有文献中蛋中PFASs的样品前处理和仪器检测方法进行了归纳总结,并且对蛋作为PFASs污染指示物的适用性和先进性进行了讨论。     

反应修饰剂ZnSO_4和预处理对苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Zn催化剂性能的影响

共沉淀法制备了Ru-Zn催化剂,考察了反应修饰剂ZnSO_4和预处理对苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Zn催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,反应修饰剂ZnSO_4可以与Ru-Zn催化剂中助剂Zn O反应生成(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO_4)(H_2O)盐。随反应修饰剂ZnSO_4浓度增加,(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO_4)(H_2O)盐量逐渐增加,Ru-Zn催化剂活性逐渐降低,环己烯选择性逐渐升高。因为(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO_4)(H_2O)盐中的Zn2+可以使Ru变为有利环己烯生成的缺电子的Ruδ+物种,而且还可以占据不适宜环己烯生成的强Ru活性位。但当反应修饰剂ZnSO_4浓度高于0.41 mol·L-1后,继续增加ZnSO_4浓度,由于Zn2+水解浆液酸性太强,可以溶解部分(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO_4)(H_2O)盐,RuZn催化剂活性升高,环己烯选择性降低。环己烯选择性略微降低,是由于ZnSO_4溶液中大量的Zn2+可以与生成的环己烯形成配合物,稳定生成的环己烯,抑制环己烯再吸附到催化剂表面并加氢生成环己烷。在ZnSO_4最佳浓度0.61 mol·L-1下对Ru-Zn催化剂预处理15 h,Ru-Zn催化剂中助剂Zn O可以与ZnSO_4完全反应生成(Zn(OH)2)3(ZnSO_4)(H_2O)盐,在该催化剂上25 min苯转化68.2%时环己烯选择性和收率分别为80.2%和54.7%。而且该催化剂具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性能。     

环境水样及固相样品中全氟化合物分析方法研究进展

全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)是一类持久性有机污染物,在环境中普遍检出,严重危害人体健康,已成为环境科学和毒理学研究的热点之一.PFCs含有较多同系物及同分异构体,且在环境中通常为痕量水平(ng/g或μg/L),迫切需要建立灵敏可靠的样品前处理和检测技术.国内外已针对环境样品基质中痕量PFCs的检测开展了大量研究,但有关复杂环境样品中PFCs前处理方法、分析方法、基质效应等方面的系统评述还相对较少.本文综述了环境样品(水、沉积物/污泥、土壤、植物)中PFCs的前处理方法、检测方法(尤其是同分异构体)及环境样品基质效应对其检测的影响,以期为相关研究提供参考.