Proteome profile of salt gland‐rich epidermis extracted from a salt‐tolerant tree species

Preparation of proteins from salt‐gland‐rich tissues of mangrove plant is necessary for a systematic study of proteins involved in the plant's unique desalination mechanism. Extraction of high‐quality proteins from the leaves of mangrove tree species, however, is difficult due to the presence of high levels of endogenous phenolic compounds. In our study, preparation of proteins from only a part of the leaf tissues (i.e. salt gland‐rich epidermal layers) was required, rendering extraction even more challenging. By comparing several extraction methods, we developed a reliable procedure for obtaining proteins from salt gland‐rich tissues of the mangrove species Avicennia officinalis. Protein extraction was markedly improved using a phenol‐based extraction method. Greater resolution 1D protein gel profiles could be obtained. More promising proteome profiles could be obtained through 1D‐LC‐MS/MS. The number of proteins detected was twice as much as compared to TUTS extraction method. Focusing on proteins that were solely present in each extraction method, phenol‐based extracts contained nearly ten times more proteins than those in the extracts without using phenol. The approach could thus be applied for downstream high‐throughput proteomic analyses involving LC‐MS/MS or equivalent. The proteomics data presented herein are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001691.     

流动注射-分光光度法测定河口水中氨氮的盐效应及校正

建立了流动注射-分光光度法测定河口水中氨氮的盐效应的校正办法。样品溶液中的钙离子、镁离子是造成盐效应的主要因素。低盐区域(盐度0~10)随盐度增加,校正系数迅速降低;高盐区域(盐度10~30)随盐度增加,校正系数缓慢增加。氨氮的线性范围为3.00~300μg·L-1,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.97μg·L-1。对20.0μg·L-1氨氮标准溶液连续测定7次,测定值的相对标准偏差为4.5%。用标准加入法做方法的回收试验,测得回收率在80.7%~108%之间。     

表面活性剂对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺溶液抗盐性的影响

通过实验研究了阴离子表面活性剂(SDS)、非离子表面活性剂(OP-10)、两性表面活性剂(C12BE)浓度及KCl浓度对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(阴离子型,HPAM)水溶液黏度的影响规律,进而分析各因素对聚合物溶液抗盐性的影响。实验结果表明:当表面活性剂浓度低于临界缔合浓度CAC时,聚合物溶液黏度变化不大;高于CAC后,随着表面活性剂浓度增大,聚合物溶液黏度急剧增加;当表面活性剂浓度达到聚合物饱和浓度PSP时,聚合物溶液黏度达到最大值;再加入阴离子和两性表面活性剂,将导致黏度降低,而加入非离子表面活性剂不再改变聚合物溶液的黏度,无机盐KCl对聚合物溶液有双重作用,低浓度KCl促进聚合物溶液黏度升高,高浓度KCl则导致聚合物溶液黏度急剧降低后趋于稳定,在相同KCl浓度下,三种表面活性剂的抗盐能力表现为:SDSOP-10C12BE。     

地方工科院校《功能高分子材料》课程教学内容的精选与实践

随着材料学的蓬勃发展,功能高分子材料的种类及用途日益繁多,因而《功能高分子材料》课程教学内容涵盖也不断延伸。针对地方工科院校高分子材料与工程专业人才培养的机制和目标,作者探索实践了如何以学生为本、以社会和行业的人才需求为导向,紧密联系地方经济与行业格局,因时因势对课程教学内容进行优化和完善。在此基础上,通过科学合理的教学实践,使学生既能牢固掌握功能高分子材料的基础知识,又能了解本领域最前沿的科学发展动态,拓宽学习思路,提高学习积极性,增强对专业的认可与对行业的期待。     

波士顿矩阵法在河南承接产业转移中的应用

承接产业转移是加速区域经济发展的"助推器",提升产业集聚能力是提高区域产业竞争力的关键,如何科学地选择承接产业,并提升产业集聚能力是河南亟待解决的问题.选取2010年和2014年两个时点,运用产业梯度系数和产业动态集聚指数对工业进行分行业分析,并借鉴波士顿矩阵分析法将其划分为明星、金牛、问题、瘦狗和衰退等产业.根据河南的自然资源、劳动力、区位条件、市场需求等比较优势,并考虑产业集聚发展的能力,来确定河南承接产业转移的重点产业.     

龙子湖水文工程地质条件分析与渗漏控制

在详细分析了龙子湖地区水文地质条件和工程地质条件的基础上,根据龙子湖的设计方案,指出龙子湖建成后可能存在渗漏量过大的问题,从而影响该区的生态环境等环境地质问题。本文建立了三维渗流数值模型,通过数值模拟证实了龙子湖建成后确实存在渗漏量过大的问题,并为解决这些环境地质问题提供参考方案,还预测分析了环境水文地质条件改变后可能进一步出现的问题并提出了相应的解决方案。     

白洋淀内水体的流动特征研究

研究了风对白洋淀内水体循环流动的影响，研究指出：(1)风应力可看作是水体循环 的主要驱动力. (2)在风应力的作用下，水体表层的流动主方向与风的方向一致，下层水体 的流动方向与表层方向相逆或近似相逆. (3)表层以下水体流动复杂，次表层水平流动有明 显的双涡结构. (4)淀底地形对水体垂向流动影响很大，垂向速度变化复杂，垂向上有双涡 流动现象. 从动力学角度研究了淀内水体流动的情况.     

Assessment of cadmium and iron adsorption in sediment,employing a flow injection analysis system with on line filtration and detection by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

This work presents an evaluation of iron and cadmium adsorption in sediment of the Furnas Hydroelectric Plant Reservatory located in Alfenas, Minas Gerais (Brazil). The metal determination was done employing a flow injection analysis (FIA) with an on-line filtering system. As detection techniques, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for iron and thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) for cadmium determinations were used. The developed methodology presented good limits of detection, being 190 μg L⁻¹ for iron and 1.36 μg L⁻¹ for cadmium, and high sampling frequency for both metals 144 and 60 readings h⁻¹ for iron and cadmium, respectively. Both metals obey the Langmuir model, with maximum adsorptive capacity of 0⋅169 mg g⁻¹ for iron and 7⋅991 mg g⁻¹ for cadmium. For iron, a pseudo-first-order kinetic model was obtained with a theoretical Q_e = 9⋅8355 mg g⁻¹ (experimental Q_e = 9⋅5432 mg  g⁻¹), while for cadmium, a pseudo-second-order kinetic model was obtained, with a theoretical Q_e = 0.3123 mg g⁻¹ (experimental Q_e = 0⋅3052 mg g⁻¹).     

盐/甲醇体系荧光光谱的分析和指认

研究了CaCl2、LiCl和Ca(NO3)2在甲醇溶液中的荧光光谱,并对溶液中可能的团簇构型采用密度泛函理论和含时(TD)密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法进行结构优化和激发能计算.实验结果表明CaCl2和LiCl与甲醇形成了具有荧光性质的簇合物,且随着CaCl2和LiCl浓度的增加溶液的荧光强度整体呈增强趋势,而Ca(NO3)2与甲醇相互作用使甲醇发生荧光猝灭.理论计算得到盐/甲醇溶液中可能存在多种簇合物,但能使甲醇溶液荧光增强的团簇构型主要为[CaCl(CH3OH)n]+和LiCl(CH3OH)n,而NO3-与甲醇通过氢键作用形成簇合物的振荡强度几乎为零,解释了NO3-使甲醇发生荧光猝灭的现象.