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101.
More and more polar stationary phases have become available for the separation of small polar compounds in the past decade as hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) continues to find applications in new fields (e.g., metabolomics and proteomics). Bare silica phases remain popular, especially in the bio-analytical area. A wide range of functional groups (e.g., amino, amide, diol, sulfobetaine, and triazole) have been employed as polar stationary phases for HILIC separation. This review provides a survey of the popular stationary phases commercially available and discusses the retention and selectivity characteristics of the polar stationary phases in HILIC. The purpose of the review is not to provide a comprehensive overview of literature reports, but rather focuses on findings that demonstrate retention and selectivity of the polar stationary phases in HILIC. 相似文献
102.
Leendert van Dalsen Rachel E. Brown James A. Rossi-Ashton David J. Procter 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(29):e202303104
The photoactivation of electron donor-acceptor complexes has emerged as a sustainable, selective and versatile strategy for the generation of radical species. Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexation, however, imposes electronic constraints on the donor and acceptor components and this can limit the range of radicals that can be generated using the approach. New EDA complexation strategies exploiting sulfonium salts allow radicals to be generated from native functionality. For example, aryl sulfonium salts, formed by the activation of arenes, can serve as the acceptor components in EDA complexes due to their electron-deficient nature. This “sulfonium tag” approach relaxes the electronic constraints on the parent substrate and dramatically expands the range of radicals that can be generated using EDA complexation. In this review, these new applications of sulfonium salts will be introduced and the areas of chemical space rendered accessible through this innovation will be highlighted. 相似文献
103.
104.
Summary The effect of adding an electrolyte and increasing the temperature on the preconcentration of volatile compounds in headspace
analysis has been investigated. Quantification of the interactive effects of temperature and addition of salt on the vapor
concentration is of interest for the determination of trace organic impurities in pharmaceutical base materials. This study
was undertaken to investigate the quantitative effects of the addition of salts alcohols, and acetone, and of increasing the
temperature on the vapor concentrations and distribution coefficients of volatile aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, ando-xylene). It was found that the concentration of aromatic compound residues in the headspace could be increased by adding
an inert salt to the water, but this effect was not very significant because of the low orginal solubility of the aromatic
compounds in water. The reverse effect can be achieved by use of polar organic additives; this can be explained by the high
polarizability of aromatic compounds and their greater solubility in the presence of these solvents.
Presented at Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 1–3, 1999. 相似文献
105.
白洋淀内水体的流动特征研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了风对白洋淀内水体循环流动的影响,研究指出:(1)风应力可看作是水体循环
的主要驱动力. (2)在风应力的作用下,水体表层的流动主方向与风的方向一致,下层水体
的流动方向与表层方向相逆或近似相逆. (3)表层以下水体流动复杂,次表层水平流动有明
显的双涡结构. (4)淀底地形对水体垂向流动影响很大,垂向速度变化复杂,垂向上有双涡
流动现象. 从动力学角度研究了淀内水体流动的情况. 相似文献
106.
Bochao Chen Zijia Qi Biao Chen Xin Liu Huan Li Xiaopeng Han Guangmin Zhou Wenbin Hu Naiqin Zhao Chunnian He 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2024,136(1):e202316116
The water-soluble salt-template technique holds great promise for fabricating 3D porous materials. However, an equipment-free and pore-size controllable synthetic approach employing salt-template precursors at room temperature has remained unexplored. Herein, we introduce a green room-temperature antisolvent precipitation strategy for creating salt-template self-assembly precursors to universally produce 3D porous materials with controllable pore size. Through a combination of theoretical simulations and advanced characterization techniques, we unveil the antisolvent precipitation mechanism and provide guidelines for selecting raw materials and controlling the size of precipitated salt. Following the calcination and washing steps, we achieve large-scale and universal production of 3D porous materials and the recycling of the salt templates and antisolvents. The optimized nitrogen-doped 3D porous carbon (N-3DPC) materials demonstrate distinctive structural benefits, facilitating a high capacity for potassium-ion storage along with exceptional reversibility. This is further supported by in situ electrochemical impedance spectra, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. The anode shows a high rate capacity of 181 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1 in the full cell. This study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the room-temperature synthesis of salt-template self-assembly precursors for the large-scale production of porous materials, thereby expanding their potential applications for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. 相似文献
107.
由于碳酸丙烯酯(PC)具有较宽的液相区间(mp:224.0K,bp:514.9K)、较高的介电常数(64.92,298.15K)和较大的偶极矩(4.94D),它是一个在工业和科学研究中有广泛应用的非质子型极性溶剂。已有大量文献就PC溶液中电解质-PC、非电解质-PC和离子-离子间的相互作用情况作了报导。对于非电解质-电解质-PC三元系中溶质-溶剂间的相互作用情况还缺乏了解。本文希望通过测定非电解质溶质在PC的电解质溶液中的无限稀释活度系数γ_1~∞,对非水溶液中的溶质-溶剂作用情况有新的了解。气液色谱法(CLC)是测定无限稀释溶液活度系数的有效方法之一。作者曾利用GLC测定了一些烃、氯代烃、醇、酮在环丁砜电解质溶液中的无限稀释活度系数和盐效应常数. 相似文献
108.
K. Fröhlich T. Franke R. Gellermann D. Hebert H. Jordan 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(9):355-360
This paper presents results of a study carried out in order to assess the applicability of 32Si for groundwater dating. Measurements of 32Si in soil samples of the unsaturated zone, of drainage waters and plant material give a basis for estimating the 32Si initial concentration in groundwater. Different aquifers with groundwater of young and moderate ages have been selected for groundwater studies. For obtaining independent age information tritium was found to be a suitable reference isotope. A quantitative interpretation of the 32Si data is generally complicated by geochemical processes, preferably in the unsaturated zone. Favourable conditions concerning the use of 32Si in hydrogeology seem to exist in phreatic sandy aquifers, in limestone aquifers, and, depending on the thickness and composition of the unsaturated zone, in sandstone aquifers. Further improvements of the 32Si method needs a better understanding of the geochemical processes affecting this isotope. 相似文献
109.
Laijun Zhao Changmin Li Rongbing Huang Steven Si Jian Xue Wei Huang Yue Hu 《European Journal of Operational Research》2013
This paper presents a bilevel programming framework for a harmonizing model with transfer tax (HMTT) on water pollution across regional boundaries of a lake basin in China, where the administrator is the upper-level decision maker and individual regions consisting of the lake basin are the lower-level decision makers (followers). Leader’s cost is the total pollution reduction cost, whereas each region selfishly minimizes its own cost including reduction cost and transfer cost, given the transfer tax rate imposed by the leader. The HMTT guarantees that the imposed environmental quality standard is met through the transfer tax. Based on the KKT conditions of an auxiliary problem, we obtain that the solution set of the HMTT is nonempty. An algorithm is proposed, with the convergence result, to compute the cost-minimized transfer tax rate along with the reduction quantities of individual regions. Theoretical analysis and a case study for China’s Taihu Lake Basin show that the HMTT is superior to the current model of proportional share of pollution reduction (MPSPR). The HMTT not only solves the problem of conflicts over water pollution across regional boundaries but also utilizes the resources of the lake basin more efficiently. 相似文献
110.