Chemoselective trimethylsilylation of alcohols catalyzed by saccharin sulfonic acid

Abstract  Saccharin sulfonic acid was easily prepared by the reaction of saccharin with neat chlorosulfonic acid at room temperature. This reagent is efficiently able to catalyze the chemoselective trimethylsilylation of alcohols with hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of amines and thiols. Graphical abstract        

EPR studies of Cu2+ in tetraaqua-di(nicotinamide) Zn(II)-saccharinate single crystals

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of copper ions, Cu(II), as paramagnetic impurity in tetraaqua-di(nicotinamide) Zn(II)-saccharinates single crystals [Zn(nic)2(H2O)4](sac)2, have been investigated at ambient temperature. The detailed EPR analysis shows the only one site and the copper ion entered the lattice substitutionally in place of Zn(II). The spin-Hamiltonian parameters were obtained from the single crystal EPR analysis. By using the EPR data, molecular bonding coefficient and the Fermi contact interaction terms have been evaluated. Superhyperfine splittings were observed.     

Different Coordination Modes of Saccharin in the Complexes of Lead(II) with 2‐Pyridylmethanol and Pyridine‐2, 6‐dimethanol — Synthesis,Spectral and Structural Characterization

New lead(II)‐saccharin complexes, [Pb(sac)₂(pym)] (1) and [Pb(sac)₂(pydm)] (2) (sac = saccharinate anion; pym = 2‐pyridylmethanol; pydm = pyridine‐2, 6‐dimethanol) were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray diffractometry. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2₁/c space group with Z = 4, while the crystals of complex 2 are extremely X‐ray sensitive and decompose by the X‐ray beam within one day. Pym and pydm act as bi‐ and tridentate ligands, respectively. Most important feature of the complexes is non‐equivalent coordination of the sac ligands to the lead(II) atom. In the complex 1 , the sac ligands coordinate to the lead(II) ion in two distinct manners. One sac ligand behaves as a bridge between the lead(II) atoms through its N and carbonyl O atoms, whereas the other sac ligand acts as a bidentate chelating ligand through its N and carbonyl O atoms which is bicoordinating and also bridges the metal atoms to achieve the seven‐coordination. The structure is built up of three‐dimensional chains formed by the bridging of the PbN₃O₂ units and also held intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The IR spectra of the complexes were discussed in detail.     

HPLC法快速测定食品中糖精钠、苯甲酸、山梨酸和咖啡因

采用Hypersil-ODS2-C18,4.6mm×150mm色谱柱,以甲醇+0.02mol·L-1乙酸铵(35+65)为流动相,HPLC法同时测定食品中糖精钠、苯甲酸、山梨酸和咖啡因。样品经0.50mol·L-1氢氧化钠浸泡后,苯甲酸、山梨酸转化为苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钠,糖精钠、咖啡因均可溶于水,杂质则在加入硫酸锌以后形成沉淀与被测组分分离,检出限:糖精钠为0.14mg·L-1、苯甲酸为0.20mg·L-1、山梨酸为0.22mg·L-1、咖啡因为0.21mg·L-1。试验结果表明,此法不仅定量准确、精密度高而且操作极为方便。     

Pyrazinium Di(hydrogen sulfate) as a Novel,Highly Efficient and Homogeneous Catalyst for the Condensation of Enolizable Ketones with Aldehydes,Acetonitrile and Acetyl Chloride

A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of β‐acetamido ketone or ester derivatives in the presence of pyrazinium di(hydrogen sulfate) {Py(OSO₃H)₂} as a novel, green and homogeneous solid acid catalyst at room temperature is described. One‐pot multi‐component condensation of enolizable ketones or alkyl acetoacetates with aldehydes, acetonitrile and acetyl chloride affords the title compounds in high to excellent yields and in relatively short reaction times. In this work, the efficiency of our recently reported solid acid catalyst, saccharin sulfonic acid (Sa‐SO₃H), in the synthesis of β‐acetamido ketones/esters is also studied. Moreover, in this research, some new β‐acetamido ketones and esters (i.e. one complex structure) are prepared.     

Triphenylphosphine-Catalyzed Simple Synthesis of Vinyl-Substituted Saccharins

Saccharin (1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1 u 6 -benzo[ d ]-isothiazol-3-one) undergoes a smooth reaction with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of triphenylphosphine to produce highly-functionalized salt-free sulfur-containing ylides in nearly quantitative yields. These stabilized phosphorus ylides exist as a mixture of two geometrical isomers as a result of restricted rotation around the carbon-carbon partial double bond resulting from conjugation of the ylide moiety with the adjacent carbonyl group. These ylides are converted to dialkyl 2-(1,1-dioxo-1 H -1 u 6 -benzo[ d ]-isothiazol-3-yl)-but-2-enedioates in boiling toluene.     

Preparation of Saccharin Derivatives of Amino Acids as Potential Peptidomimetic Building Blocks

We present a useful route for the preparation of saccharin derivatives of amino acids. Sixteen new compounds, saccharin-derived amino acids, were synthesized, all of them bearing additional functional groups either at the 5- or 6-position of the saccharin skeleton, thus rendering the compounds more amenable to functionalization.     

Strong N−X⋅⋅⋅O−N Halogen Bonds: A Comprehensive Study on N‐Halosaccharin Pyridine N‐Oxide Complexes

A study of the strong N?X???^?O?N⁺ (X=I, Br) halogen bonding interactions reports 2×27 donor×acceptor complexes of N‐halosaccharins and pyridine N‐oxides (PyNO). DFT calculations were used to investigate the X???O halogen bond (XB) interaction energies in 54 complexes. A simplified computationally fast electrostatic model was developed for predicting the X???O XBs. The XB interaction energies vary from ?47.5 to ?120.3 kJ mol^?1; the strongest N?I???^?O?N⁺ XBs approaching those of 3‐center‐4‐electron [N?I?N]⁺ halogen‐bonded systems (ca. 160 kJ mol^?1). ¹H NMR association constants (K_XB) determined in CDCl₃ and [D₆]acetone vary from 2.0×10⁰ to >10⁸ m ^?1 and correlate well with the calculated donor×acceptor complexation enthalpies found between ?38.4 and ?77.5 kJ mol^?1. In X‐ray crystal structures, the N‐iodosaccharin‐PyNO complexes manifest short interaction ratios (R_XB) between 0.65–0.67 for the N?I???^?O?N⁺ halogen bond.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,IR Spectra and Thermal Analysis of Na[Ag(sac)2] (sac = saccharinate)

The reaction of silver nitrate with sodium saccharinate (Na[sac]) in the presence of 2-pyridinepropanol in aqueous solution yields the title complex, Na[Ag(sac)₂]. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group [a = 8.0481(6), b = 9.0587(6), c = 11.1642(8) Å; α = 100.064(3), β = 99.917(3) and γ = 92.367(3)°, Z = 2]. The structure consists of Na⁺ and [Ag(sac)₂]^- ions, in which each silver(I) ion is doubly bridged by the sac ligands, exhibiting a distorted 'T' shaped AgN₂O coordination arrangement with one long [Ag-O_sulfonyl = 2.6390(10) Å] and two shorter bonds [Ag-N = 2.1405(11) and 2.1570(11) Å]. The coordination around silver(I) is trigonal planar and the N-Ag-N bond angle is 158.99(5)°. The Na⁺ ion is five-coordinate with two carbonyl and three sulfonyl O atoms of the adjacent sac ligands and acts as a bridge between [Ag(sac)₂]^- units, resulting in a three-dimensional network. The i.r. spectra and thermal decomposition behaviour of Na[Ag(sac)₂] are discussed in detail.     

Bestimmung von Saccharin in nichtalkoholischen Getr?nken durch Differential-Pulspolarographie

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Saccharin in Limonaden, Tonic-Wässern, Fruchtsäften und Süßstoffen beschrieben. Hierzu wird die Differential-Pulspolarographie verwendet. Saccharin wird an einer Quecksilbertropfelektrode reduziert und entweder bei pH 1 (Nachweisgrenze: 0,5 ppm) oder pH 8,5 (Nachweisgrenze: 1 ppm) bestimmt. Außerdem wurden die Elektrodenvorgänge aufgeklärt. Hierzu wurden die Reaktionsprodukte mit potentialkontrollierter Elektrolyse erzeugt. Der Verlauf der Elektrolyse wurde mit Hochdruck-Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie verfolgt. Die aus der Elektrolyselösung isolierten Produkte wurden mittels IR- und NMR-Spektroskopie bzw. durch CHN-Analyse identifiziert.

---

Determination of saccharin in non-alcoholic beverages by differential pulse polarography

Summary A method for the determination of saccharin in soft drinks, tonic waters, fruit juices and sweeteners by differential pulse polarography is reported. Saccharin is reduced at a dropping mercury electrode. The best determination is performed at pH 1 (detection limit: 0.5 ppm) or at pH 8.5 (detection limit: 1 ppm). In order to elucidate the mechanism of the electrode processes the reaction products were produced by electrolysis at controlled potential. The proceeding of the electrolysis was controlled by HPLC with UV-detection. The isolated products were identified by IR- and NMR-spectroscopy and by CHN-analysis.

Wir danken dem Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung für die Anschaffung eines Polarographen (Projekt Nr. 2040) sowie für die finanzielle Unterstützung. Weiters danken wir den Herren Prof. Dr. J. Derkosch für IR-Aufnahmen, Dr. J. Zak für CHN-Analysen sowie Dr. E. Haslinger und Dr. A. Nikiforov für die NMR-spektroskopische und massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen. Herrn Prof. Dr. G. Kainz danken wir für wertvolle Diskussionen.