排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
鉴于某些羟酮肟具有生化活性,本文报道两类羟基酮肟的合成及其异构体的分离。众所周知,酮肟存在几何异构体,但当年Meyer等和Gabriel等报道α-羟基苯乙酮肟时则尚未发现有异构体。我们在制备上述酮肟时获得两种新晶体,一为m.p.67~69℃的鳞片状结晶la;一为m.p.124~126℃的细针晶lb。根据元素分析和红外光谱推测,两者为几何异构体。为确定它们的构型,分别把la和lb以聚磷酸催化,进行Beckmann重排成相应的酰胺,然后用碱水解,一个水解后检出有苯胺;另一个在水解过程中有强烈的氨味,酸化时得苯甲酸,由此推定了la和lb的几何构型。 相似文献
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自溶液中的吸附 VII: 硅胶自环己烷中吸附醇,酮和酯 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The adsorption isotherms of some monofunctional alcohols, ketones and esters from cyclohexane onto silica gel have been determined at 30`C and 10`C. The silica gel used bad a BET area of 417 m2/g and an average pore radius of 45A. The concentrations of free and associated hydroxyls on the silica gel were 1.4 and 4.1/100A^2 respectively. The adsorption order is cyclohexanol>n-octyl alcohol>cyclohexanone>methyl isobutyl ketone>n-propyl acetate=n-amyl acetate. The adsorption decreases with increasing temperature as normal. Except at very low concentrations, the isotherms can be represented by the Langmuir equation. The limiting adsorption, nms, on the silica gel does not accord with the stoichiometric ratio (1:1) between the free surface hydroxyl groups of the adsorbent and the adsorbate. In addition to surface conditions and the functional group of the adsorbate, it seems that the limiting adsorption is also controlled by the other factors, including temperature, solvent, and, sometimes the chain length of the adsorbate. The standard free energy (ΔG0) and standard enthalpy (ΔH0) of the adsorbates in adsorptien processes have been determined from the Langmuir parameters. The results indicate that the absolute value of ΔH0 is higher than that of ΔG0 (in other words, standard entropy ΔS0 is negative), as in the case of the adsorption of gases. Since there is practically no difference in ΔG0 or ΔH0 of adsorption between alcohols or esters, it is suggested that in dilute solution only the polar groups take part in adsorption, and the hydrocarben chains remain in solution during the adsorption process. For ketones, the absolute values of ΔG0 and ΔH0 are somewhat lower for methyl isobutyl ketone than that for cyclohexanone. A possible explanation is that in the adsorbed state the isobutyl chain of the methyl isobutyl ketone may somewhat close to the surface and thus decreases the adsorption and changes the ΔG0 and ΔH0. 相似文献
53.
阳离子-π体系相互作用的理论研究 2: 铵离子-二苯复 合物体系的密度泛函 研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用密度泛函B3LYP/6-31G^*方法对离子-二苯复合物体系的可能构型进行了结构优化,得到了复合物的能量低构型为:铵离子位于两个苯环平面之间分别以两个氢原子和苯环作用,频率计算结果表明该构型为稳定结.复全物的键长、原子净电荷、分子轨道系数、前沿轨道能量、Mullicken键级等都表明,铵氢原子和与之接近的苯环碳原子之间通过s-π相互作用而实现铵与两个苯环的结合,结合时电子从苯环向铵转移复合物.它们之间的结合方式和铵离子-苯复合物及典型键的结合方式相似,计算得到的热力学参数证明了这一点.复合物的红外特征振动频率位于230cm^-^1附近,振动方式为铵平行于苯平面来回振动。 相似文献
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报道俘精酸酐类化合物(E/Z)4-二环丙亚甲基-3-[1-(2, 5-二甲基-3-呋喃基)亚乙基]四氢呋喃-2, 5-酮的拆分, 及(E)和(Z)-5-二氰亚甲基-4-二环丙亚甲基-3-[1-(2, 5-二甲基-3-呋喃基)亚乙基]四氢呋喃-2-酮 4(E)和4(Z)的合成, 并对它们的光致变色特性进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂-4(5H)-酮(1a)与不同的氯化试剂-五氯化磷、三氯氧磷和氯化砜在不同的条件下氯化,可分别生成:2-甲基-4-氯-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(2a)、2-氯-4-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂(3a)、2-二氯甲基苯并噻唑(5)、2-三氯甲基苯并噻唑(6)和2-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂-4(5H)-酮盐酸盐(4).2-甲基-4-氯-1,5-苯并硫氮杂与醇钠反应生成相应的2-甲基-4-烷氧基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂外,还可以分离到它的2,4-异构体,2-烷氧基-4-甲基-1,5-苯并硫氮杂.产物的结构均经元素分析、红外光谱、^1H和^1^3C核磁共振谱和质谱鉴定. 相似文献
57.
近临界水中芳香醚与酮Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对近临界水介质中不同芳香醛化合物与酮类进行Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应的 研究表明,在没有外加任何催化剂的条件下,芳香醛与酮类可以顺利发生缩合反应 得到α,β-不饱和酮,近临界水在其中兼作溶剂和催化剂。该方法避免了酸或碱 催化剂的使用及随后繁杂的中和、分离步骤,克服了产生废弃盐等弊端。通过对苯 甲醛与苯乙酮在不同条件下的反应研究表明,温度,反应时间和初始水量对反应底 物的转化率和不饱和酮的产率有较大的影响。 相似文献
58.
在现场制备的三碘化铝促进下,α-溴代酮与羰基化合物发生脱溴的Aldol反应以中等到良好的产率生成β-羟基酮,这一反应也表现出很高的syn选择性。 相似文献
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