A spectral deferred correction strategy for low Mach number reacting flows subject to electric fields

We propose an algorithm for low Mach number reacting flows subjected to electric field that includes the chemical production and transport of charged species. This work is an extension of a multi-implicit spectral deferred correction (MISDC) algorithm designed to advance the conservation equations in time at scales associated with advective transport. The fast and nontrivial interactions of electrons with the electric field are treated implicitly using a Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov approach for which a preconditioning strategy is developed. Within the MISDC framework, this enables a close and stable coupling of diffusion, reactions and dielectric relaxation terms with advective transport and is shown to exhibit second-order convergence in space and time. The algorithm is then applied to a series of steady and unsteady problems to demonstrate its capability and stability. Although developed in a one-dimensional case, the algorithmic ingredients are carefully designed to be amenable to multi-dimensional applications.     

聚合物梯度折射率微球透镜的研制

选取高分子单体组合,用悬浮扩散共聚法研制具有球对称梯度折射率(Gradient Refractive Index,GRIN)的微型聚合物球透镜.用剪切干涉法测定微透镜试样的折射率剖面,根据分布曲线的特征调整、优化制备工艺条件,成功获得直径0.3～1.4 mm、透明、在半径的全程范围具有球对称折射率梯度,折射率差ΔN为0.006～0.014的微型聚合物球透镜.     

Addition effects of bismuth oxide on Samaria-doped ceria based lithium carbonate composite electrolytes for intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cells

ABSTRACT

The effect of amounts (3, 5, 10, 20 wt%) of Bi₂O₃ on the sintering characteristics and porosity of Samaria-doped Ceria (SDC) based Lithium carbonate has been evaluated. The density had a maximum as high as 98.5% of theoretical density at 800°C with only 1wt%Li₂CO₃ and 3 wt%Bi₂O₃. The composite electrolytes showed high ion conductivity at evaluated temperatures. Composition and calcination temperature were found to affect the morphology and conductivity of the composite electrolytes greatly. The total conductivity closed to 3 orders of magnitude greater than pure SDC at operating temperature of 900°C and 3.5 orders of magnitude greater than pure SDC at operating temperature of 600°C. Especially, the best sample containing 3 wt% Bi₂O₃ sintered at 800°C for 2 h which had an ionic electrical conductivity of 0.17S cm^?1. According to fuel cell performance, these composite electrolytes are chemically stable, which is an attractive prospect in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell applications.     

A block copolymer covalent coating acting as surfactants in separation of 2-[hydroxy(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-cyclopent-2-enone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde by capillary electrophoresis

An innovative block copolymer capillary coating P(MAn-alt-St)₁₂₇-b-PSt₅₉₂, synthesized by maleic anhydride and styrene, was developed as a new kind of coating for capillary electrophoresis. The covalent bond coating was effectively applied in the separation of raw material (4-nitrobenzaldehyde) and production (2-[hydroxy(4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-cyclopent-2-enone) in a Baylis-Hillman reaction using ammonium acetate with 20% tetrahydrofuran (v/v) as the buffer solution. Electroosmotic flow measurement gave an instantly stable value after 70 times continued injection in 5 days and showed that P(MAn-alt-St)₁₂₇-b-PSt₅₉₂ coatings could suppress electroosmotic flow effectively compared with the bare capillary. The effects of tetrahydrofuran and the pH of buffer on the separation were investigated. The characteristics of the coatings to form micelles similar to surfactants were detected by atomic force microscopy. Moreover, the superiority of this coating was further applied in the separation of four aromatic amines.     

柠檬酸法制备固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料Ni/SDC

采用硝酸盐-柠檬酸法合成出不同NiO含量的NiO/Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)(NiO/SDC)复合粉体,借助差热热重、XRD等对粉体的形成条件和相组成等进行了分析,并对粉体的比表面、粒度等进行了测定.由NiO/SDC粉体制备出固体氧化物燃料电池Ni/SDC金属陶瓷阳极材料,并对其微结构及相关性能进行了测试分析.结果表明:硝酸盐-柠檬酸法可以在较低的温度下合成出高比表面积的NiO/SDC粉体.制备的Ni/SDC阳极材料具有均匀细小的晶粒度和孔隙,以及高的电导率.1350 ℃烧结含55;NiO的NiO/SDC烧结体还原后所得Ni/SDC试样的孔隙率和电导率(700 ℃,H_2中)分别为38;和1825 S·m~(-1).