A thermostatized and agitated sample cell for synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of liquid samples (homogeneous or heterogeneous) has been developed. The cell is composed of a compact main body with inlet and outlet windows for the beams of light. The volume of the cell is approximately 0.8 ml and the distance between the windows is 5 mm to allow accurate SAXS measurements. The cell is thermostatized by means of a jacket that surrounds the sample holder and it is connected to a thermostatic bath. In addition, the cell has a top and a bottom lid that allow easy cleaning and maintenance without demounting the optical windows. The cell has been used to run SAXS measurements of liquid samples and, for the first time, a mini‐emulsion polymerization reaction has been monitored by SAXS. 相似文献
Mesoporous silica formed by the condensation of silica oligomers around self-assembled surfactant micelle templates has recently attracted much interest owing to its potential for use in catalytic or adsorbent applications1. Much attention has been focused on characterization of its pore structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), N2 adsorption, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) et al., but seldom concerning its average wall thickness2-7. This shor… 相似文献
The structure and orientation dynamics of sepiolite clay fibers about 1,000 nm long and 10 nm thick, suspended in an aqueous
poly(ehtylene oxide) matrix of 105 g/mol molecular mass, have been studied under control extensional and shear flow. A new extensional flow cell developed at
the “Laboratoire de Rhéologie” and the combined rheology and small angle X-ray scattering (Rheo-SAXS) setup available at the
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility have allowed access to in situ and time-resolved fiber orientations and structure
properties in the volume of suspensions under flow. In the volume fractions and shear rate domains for which the suspensions
exhibit shear-thinning properties, two regimes of orientation separated by a critical strain rate have been identified under
extensional flow. 相似文献
Summary: The phenomenon of crazing in polymers has received considerable attention in the past as it is thought to play a pivotal role in determining the performance of polymers under load. One aspect of particular interest has been the interconnection between molecular structure, craze characteristics, and macromechanical properties. In the present study, three different grades of polystyrene (PS) with different molecular weights have been systematically investigated in situ with synchrotron radiation microfocus small‐angle X‐ray scattering (µSAXS). The results suggest that there are different mechanisms operating in PS samples with low and very high molecular weights, compared to those of medium‐to‐high molecular weight. Previously it was thought that, above the critical molecular weight of entanglement, the effect of molecular weight on PS's mechanical behaviour at room temperature was negligible.
Craze evolution as a function of strain in PS. 相似文献
Real time synchrotron Small-Angle and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering was performed during the tensile deformation of a high-density polyethylene copolymer. The changes of the structure in the crystalline and in the amorphous domains were followed during the three characteristic stages of the load-displacement curves: The elastic stage and the plastic range composed of the stage of the lowering load in the force-displacement-curve (yielding) and the strain hardening. Competitive phenomena like crystallite fragmentation and cavitation were found to occur simultaneously in the phase of lowering the load but at different length scale. We prove that the void formation occurs mainly during yielding. During strain hardening there was no further increase of the void volume fraction, only changes in void size. 相似文献