Pom-Pom分子在平面收缩流场中的流变行为

用基于管子理论发展的XPP(extended Pom-Pom)模型描述支化高分子熔体——低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的分子流变特性,实现了从分子微观结构到宏观响应的跨尺度模拟.引入有限增量微积分(FIC)过程重构了压力稳定质量守恒方程以克服因流体不可压缩性引发的压力场空间分布虚假振荡现象.采用离散的弹性——黏性应力分裂技术(DEVSS)以在缺失纯黏性项情况下保持动量方程弱形式中的椭圆项贡献.利用迎风流线(SU)方法离散黏弹性XPP本构方程中的对流项,以基于Crank-Nicolson隐式差分格式的迭代稳定分步算法求解质量、动量守恒方程和本构方程.采用等低阶有限元模拟了平面黏弹性收缩流,考察了不同Weissenberg数、支化程度和分子结构参数对Pom-Pom分子在收缩流场中流变行为的影响,数值结果与相关文献和试验结果吻合得较好.     

嵌段共聚物熔体流变行为研究进展

微相分离的结构特点赋予了嵌段共聚物很多优异的性能,使其广泛应用于汽车部件及工具手柄、电线电缆包皮或绝缘带、医疗制品及食品容器、密封胶、粘合剂、涂料以及聚合物共混改性等领域。聚合物流变特性直接关系到材料加工参数的选择以及产品最终性能,是聚合物结构设计、材料加工参数优化选择及拓展产品应用领域的理论基础。本文对嵌段共聚物的熔体流变行为进行了综述,着重介绍了与嵌段共聚物特殊结构相对应的流变特性,以及流变特性与相行为之间的关联,并提出了嵌段共聚物熔体流变行为研究的前沿与重点。     

Electrical and rheological percolation of PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites as a function of CNT geometry and functionality

Composites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) of varying aspect ratio and carboxylic acid functionality were prepared using melt mixing. The extent of dispersion and distribution of the MWCNTs in the PMMA matrix was investigated using a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical resistivity and oscillatory shear rheological properties of the composites were measured as a function of MWCNT geometry, functionality, and concentration. The fundamental ballistic conductance of the pristine free-standing MWCNTs was investigated using a mechanically controlled break-junction method. The electrical conductivity of PMMA was enhanced by up to 11 orders of magnitude for MWCNT concentrations below 0.5 wt.%. MWCNTs having higher aspect ratio, above 500, or functionalized with carboxylic acid groups readily formed rheological percolated networks with thresholds, determined from a power law relationship, of 1.52 and 2.06 wt.%, respectively. The onset of pseudo-solid-like behaviour and network formation is observed as G′, η∗, and tan δ⁻¹ are independent of frequency as MWCNT loading increased. Sufficiently long and/or functionalized tubes are required to physically bridge or provide interfacial interactions with PMMA to alter polymer chain dynamics. Carboxylic acid functionalization disrupts the crystalline order of MWCNTs due to a loss of π-conjugation and electron de-localisation of sp² C-C bonds resulting in non-ballistic electron transport in these tubes, irrespective of how highly dispersed they are in the PMMA matrix.     

高取代度魔芋葡甘聚糖醋酸酯的制备及其热塑性和流变性研究

以魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)为原料,浓硫酸为催化剂,乙酸酐为改性剂,制备了KGM醋酸酯.研究了反应条件对KGM醋酸酯取代度(DS)的影响,KGM醋酸酯制备的最佳反应条件是乙醇∶水量比5∶5,反应时间2h,反应温度75℃,催化剂浓硫酸的浓度0.1mol/L,KGM与乙酸酐的量比5∶40(g/mL),取代度高达2.93,其分子量与KGM相比,则明显降低.运用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和旋转流变仪对KGM和高取代度KGM醋酸酯进行了表征.结果表明,KGM醋酸酯的羰基(CO)特征吸收峰较KGM明显增强,其表观形貌大部分为疏松絮状,KGM及其醋酸酯均为非晶态结构.与KGM相比,KGM醋酸酯的热稳定性下降,分解温度(Td)由KGM的261.10℃降低至KGM醋酸酯的204.56℃,KGM醋酸酯出现了明显的玻璃化转变,其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为128.49℃.KGM醋酸酯是典型的黏弹性材料,其弹性比率占21.27%,其剪切黏度η对温度变化非常敏感,可通过温度的改变来调节KGM醋酸酯的加工流动性.KGM醋酸酯具有较好的热塑性.     

Effect of Cationic Surfactant on the Gelation of HPAM by Cr(III)

Aqueous gels formed by the crosslinkage of Cr(III) with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), have been commonly applied in the field of petroleum production1. Polymer and surfactants are used in enhancement of oil recovery2. Some studies3 indicate that a strong interaction is existent between polyeletrolytes and oppositely charged surfactants. So it is very important to study the effect of cationic surfactants on the gelation process of crosslinkage of Cr(III) with HPAM. To o…     

纳米级CaCO_3粒子与弹性体CPE微粒同时增韧PVC的研究

研究了平均粒径为 30nm的超细级纳米CaCO3 与氯化聚乙烯 (CPE)对聚氯乙烯 (PVC)共混体系二元协同增韧效应及机制 .结果表明 ,当共混体系中有一定量的CPE时 ,纳米CaCO3 的加入可以明显地提高共混物的韧性 ,而不降低共混物的强度和刚性 .纳米CaCO3 在PVC基体中达到了纳米级的分散 .当纳米CaCO3 的用量为 8份 (质量 )时 ,PVC CPE 纳米CaCO3 共混物的冲击断面产生了大量的有规则的网丝状结构 ,共混物的缺口冲击强度达到 81 1kJ m2 ,比不加纳米CaCO3 的共混体系高 7 3倍 .CPE的加入对共混体系的加工流动性能无影响 ,纳米CaCO3 的加入使共混体系的加工流动性能变差     

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) IN MOLTEN STATE

The theological behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)samples of different molecular weights was investigated by means of high pressure capillary rheometer and rotational rheometer.Information on the rheological properties of such materials above melt temperatures is of interest as this can lead to an improved understanding of polymer behavior in processing and fabrication technologies.Shift factors derived from time-temperature superposition showed good fit to the Arrhenius equation with a flow act...     

Investigation on the gelation behavior of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) during isothermal crystallization process

The early stage of polymer crystallization may be viewed as physical gelation process,i.e.,the phase transition of polymer from liquid to solid.Determination of the gel point is of significance in polymer processing.In this work,the gelation behavior of poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) at different temperatures has been investigated by rheological method.It was found that during the isothermal crystallization process of PBS,both the storage modulus(G′) and the loss modulus(G″) increase with time,and the rheological response of the system varies from viscous-dominated(G′G″),meaning the phase transition from liquid to solid.The physical gel point was determined by the intersection point of loss tangent curves measured under different frequencies.The gel time(t_c) for PBS was found to increase with increasing crystallization temperature.The relative crystallinity of PBS at the gel point is very low(2.5%-8.5%) and increases with increasing the crystallization temperature.The low crystallinity of PBS at the gel point suggests that only a few junctions are necessary to form a spanning network,indicating that the network is"loosely"connected,in another word,the critical gel is soft.Due to the elevated crystallinity at gel point under higher crystallization temperature,the gel strength S_g increases, while the relaxation exponent n decreases with increasing the crystallization temperature.These experimental results suggest that rheological method is an effective tool for verifying the gel point of biodegradable semi-crystalline polymers.     

Synthesis of nanospherical Fe3BO6 anode material for lithium-ion battery by the rheological phase reaction method

This paper developed a novel method, the rheological phase reaction method, to synthesize nanospherical Fe₃BO₆. The sizes and morphologies of products vary with the calcination temperatures. Spherical particles with a uniform size about 40 nm in a monodisperse state were obtained at 800 °C, while the spherical particles with a larger size of 100-500 nm were obtained at 900 °C. The electrochemical properties of these Fe₃BO₆ nanospheres were investigated. Sample synthesized at 800 °C delivers a high reversible capacity above 500 mAh g⁻¹. Sample synthesized at 900 °C possesses relatively good cycleability with a capacity retaining of 376 mAh g⁻¹ after 10 cycles. The measurement of electrochemical impedance spectra for the first time indicated that smaller Fe₃BO₆ nanoparticles intend to give higher impedance of solid-electrolyte interface layer and lower charge-transfer impedance after the first discharge. Additionally, it can be speculated that the increase of resistance charge-transfer is the possible reason for the capacity fading during cycling.     

Thermo-rheological properties and storage stability of SEBS/kaolinite clay compound modified asphalts

Styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) modified asphalts with improved high-temperature storage stability are prepared by incorporating kaolinite clay (KC) into the SEBS compounds. The effect of KC on the high-temperature storage properties, dynamic rheological and mechanical properties and morphologies of the modified asphalts are studied. It is found that the SEBS/KC ratio in the compound has a great effect on the high-temperature storage behavior. The modified asphalts are stable when the ratio of SEBS/KC is around 2. However, KC decreases the dynamic rheological and mechanical properties of the modified asphalts to some extent. The high-temperature storage property can be increased by improving the compatibility and decreasing the density difference between SEBS and asphalt.