全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1048篇 |
免费 | 59篇 |
国内免费 | 165篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1160篇 |
晶体学 | 3篇 |
力学 | 4篇 |
综合类 | 16篇 |
数学 | 36篇 |
物理学 | 53篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 26篇 |
2021年 | 33篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 32篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 37篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 64篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 65篇 |
2009年 | 82篇 |
2008年 | 79篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 69篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 24篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1272条查询结果,搜索用时 500 毫秒
51.
Parawee Rattanakit Saisunee Liawruangrath 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(7):739-754
A spectrophotometric microfluidic bioreactor system is described for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides. The glass chip was designed and fabricated for in situ monolithic preparation and subsequently acetlycholineserase (AChE) immobilization via a covalent bonding method. The porous polymer monolith was prepared using glycidyl methacrylate, ethylenedimethacrylate and 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one in binary porogenic solvents of cyclohexanol and dodecanol. The epoxide groups of monolith were reacted with ethylenediamine and gluteraldehyde to allow immobilization of the enzyme using their amine groups. Organophosphorus pesticides can be determined by measuring their inhibition effect on the enzyme AChE using Ellman's reaction. A linear relationship between the absorbance and percentage inhibitions was obtained over the concentration range of 0.25 to 2.50?mg?L?1 paraoxon with a correlation coefficient (r 2) of 0.9974. The limit of detection (LOD) defined as 10% inhibition (I 10) was 0.17?mg?L?1 for paraoxon. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.0?mg?L?1 paraoxon was 3.73% (n?=?5). The proposed µFI system incorporates efficient enzyme immobilization and reduces reagent consumption and waste production and could thus be considered to be more environmentally friendly. 相似文献
52.
Two-Photon-Induced CO-Releasing Molecules as Molecular Logic Systems in Solution,Polymers, and Cells
Dr. Vadde Ramu Dr. Gandra Upendar Reddy Dr. Jingjing Liu Patrick Hoffmann Dr. Rudrakant Sollapur Dr. Ralf Wyrwa Dr. Stephan Kupfer Prof. Dr. Christian Spielmann Dr. Sylvestre Bonnet Prof. Dr. Ute Neugebauer Dr. Alexander Schiller 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(36):8453-8458
Phototherapeutic applications of carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules are limited because they require harmful UV and blue light for activation. We describe two-photon excitation with NIR light (800 nm)-induced CO-release from two MnI tricarbonyl complexes bearing 1,8-naphthalimide units ( 1 , 2 ). Complex 2 behaves as a logic OR gate in solution, nonwovens, and in HeLa cells. CO release, indicated by fluorescence enhancement, was detected in solution, nonwoven, and HeLa cells by single- (405 nm) and two-photon (800 nm) excitation. The photophysical properties of 1 and 2 have been measured and supported by DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations. Both photoCORMs are stable in the dark in solution and noncytotoxic, leading to promising applications as phototherapeutics with NIR light. 相似文献
53.
Immobilization and Continuous Recycling of Photoredox Catalysts in Ionic Liquids for Applications in Batch Reactions and Flow Systems: Catalytic Alkene Isomerization by Using Visible Light
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
M. Sc. David C. Fabry B. Sc. Meria A. Ronge Prof. Dr. Magnus Rueping 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(14):5350-5354
A catalytic (E)‐ to (Z)‐isomerization of olefins using a photoredox catalyst under mild reaction conditions is presented. A variety of (Z)‐alkenes can be prepared in the presence of visible light. A new reaction system allows an easy and efficient scale‐up, as well as a continuous flow process in which the photocatalyst is immobilized in an ionic liquid and continuously recycled by simple phase separation. 相似文献
54.
The contribution of electrospun nanofibrous membranes (e.NFMs) in the biosensing platforms opens up a new prospect for the invention of faster and more sensitive analytical devices. In this paper, we utilized e.NFM of polyethersulfone (PES) as a solid substrate for the protein immobilization through two different approaches: physical and covalent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier‐transform‐infrared (FTIR) tests were performed to study the effect of plasma treatment on protein immobilization efficacy. Moreover, taking advantage of ELISA technique, the influence of different parameters, namely, nanofibers diameter, membrane thickness, plasma treatment time, an incubation time of ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide/N‐hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), and their ratio on antibody immobilization efficacy through two mentioned approaches, was also assessed. 相似文献
55.
Rong Wang Hua Xie Yue‐bing Xu Zheng‐ping Jia Xian‐dong Meng Juan‐hong Zhang Jun Ma Juan Wang Xian‐hua Wang 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2012,26(3):393-399
The DNA fragment detection focusing technique has further enhanced the sensitivity and information of DNA targets. The DNA fragment detection method was established by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection and restriction endonuclease chromatographic fingerprinting (CE‐LIF‐REF) in our experiment. The silica capillary column was coated with short linear polyarclarylamide (SLPA) using nongel sieving technology. The excision product of various restricted enzymes of DNA fragments was obtained by REF with the molecular biology software Primer Premier 5. The PBR322/BsuRI DNA marker was used to establish the optimization method. The markers were focused electrophoretically and detected by CE‐LIF. The results demonstrate that the CE‐LIF‐REF with SLPA can improve separation, sensitivity and speed of analysis. This technique may be applied to analysis of the excision product of various restricted enzymes of prokaryotic plasmid (pIRES2), eukaryote plasmid (pcDNA3.1) and the PCR product of codon 248 region of gastric cancer tissue. The results suggest that this method could very sensitively separate the excision products of various restricted enzymes at a much better resolution than the traditional agarose electrophoresis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
56.
A Multifunctional Surface That Simultaneously Balances Hydrophilic Enzyme Catalysis and Hydrophobic Water Repellency
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dr. Timothy J. Lawton Dr. Joshua R. Uzarski Dr. Shaun F. Filocamo 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(34):12068-12073
The compatibility of multiple functions at a single interface is difficult to achieve, but is even more challenging when the functions directly counteract one another. This study provides insight into the creation of a simultaneously multifunctional surface formed by balancing two orthogonal functions; water repellency and enzyme catalysis. A partially fluorinated thiol is used to impart bulk hydrophobicity on the surface, and an N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester‐terminated thiol provides a specific anchoring sites for the covalent enzyme attachment. Different ratios of the two thiols are mixed together to form amphiphilic self‐assembled monolayers, which are characterized with polarization‐modulation infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy and contact angle goniometry. The enzyme activity is measured by a fluorescence assay. With the results collected here, specific surface compositions are identified at which the orthogonal functions of water repellency and enzyme catalysis are balanced and exist simultaneously. An understanding of how to effectively balance orthogonal functions at surfaces can be extended to a number of higher‐scale applications. 相似文献
57.
Lysine acetylation is a dynamic and reversible modification, which has been proved to be a key posttranslational modification in cellular regulation. However, the low amounts of the acetylated proteins could hardly be detected before enrichment. In this study, for the first time, antibody‐immobilized magnetic carbonaceous microspheres were developed for selective enrichment of acetylated proteins and peptides. At first, standard proteins composed of acetylated bovine serum albumin, myoglobin, α‐casein and ovalbumin were used as model proteins to verify the enrichment efficiency. Then, the synthesized peptide was employed to confirm the selectivity of the method. Besides, the antibody‐immobilized magnetic particles were successfully applied to analyze mouse mitochondrial proteins. After database search, 29 acetylated sites in 26 proteins were identi?ed. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Oguejiofo T. Ujam Kyle Devey William Henderson Brian K. Nicholson Michael R. Mucalo Corry Decker 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(11):1508-1525
Abstract The immobilization of the dinuclear platinum(II) sulfido complex [Pt2(μ-S)2 (PPh3)4] on solid supports has been investigated. Reaction with haloalkyl functionalized polymers [Merrifield's resin (chloromethylated polystyrene), chloropropyl silica, chloropropyl controlled pore glass, and bromopropyl polysiloxane] gives complexes immobilized through alkylation of one of the sulfide ligands, forming a μ-thiolate ligand acting as an anchor to the polymer support, akin to well-established reactions of [Pt2(μ-S)2(PPh3)4] with molecular alkylating agents. The model complex [Pt2(μ-S)(μ-SCH2SiMe3)(PPh3)4]PF6 was prepared as the first molecular silicon-containing derivative of [Pt2(μ-S)2(PPh3)4] and was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Immobilization of [Pt2(μ-S)2(PPh3)4] by phosphine exchange reactions was also achieved using commercial polystyrene-grafted triphenylphosphine or a new immobilized phosphine [derived by sequential functionalization of Merrifield's resin with a polyether amine and then Ph2PCH2OH]. 相似文献