Instrumental Requirements for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Using NIR Spectroscopy

The magnitude of spectral change in blood glucose measurements with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is investigated. Spectral change is estimated by simulation of light propagation in skin tissue and measurements of absorbance spectra of aqueous glucose solution. Required sensitivity of spectrophotometers for monitoring change in the blood glucose concentration as small as 10 mg/dL has been obtained using the estimated change in the absorbance spectrum and mean pathlength of light in tissue.     

中高能电子被甲烷及氯代甲烷散射的总截面

利用可加性规则，使用HartreeFock波函数，采用由束缚原子概念修正过的复光学势（由静 电势、交换势、修正极化势及吸收势这四部分组成），在较大的能量(30—5000eV)范围内对 电子被甲烷及氯代甲烷（CH₄，CCl₄，CHCl₃，CH₂Cl₂和CH ₃Cl）散射的总截面进行了计算，且将计算结果与实验结果及其他理论计算 结果进行 了比较.结果表明，利用被束缚原子概念修正过的复光学势及可加性规则进行计算，所得结 果的精度要比利用未被束缚原子概念修正的复光学势及可加性规则进行计算得到的结果好很 多.因此，在复光学势中采用束缚原子概念可提高电子被分子散射的总截面的计算准确度. 关键词： 电子散射 可加性规则 束缚原子 总截面     

Light scattering by nanosized systems with different spatial organizations

The integrodifferential equation method is used to study the spectrum of a nanoparticle colloid for the example of interaction of three arbitrarily arranged dielectric particles made up of nonresonant atoms (the eigenfrequency of the transition is far from the emission frequency) with incorporated barium atoms in an external optical radiation field. The effect on the light-scattering properties of a nanosphere in the ensemble of its distant “neighbors” is studied; an additional peak associated with them is observed as a frequency close to the resonance for an isolated nanosphere, which under certain conditions has higher intensity than the main peak corresponding to optical near-field resonance in a two-particle system. The dependence of the spectrum of the nanosized system on the geometric structure is studied, and it is shown that very precise tuning of the resonance frequency is possible by varying the angular distribution of the particles. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 5, pp. 641–646, September–October, 2006.     

Taking into account scattering of polarized laser radiation by cuvet walls when probing blood

We have studied the ratio of the intensities of radiation scattered by a layer of blood in a cuvet and by the cuvet walls for normal incidence or incidence at the Brewster angle for probing radiation from a He-Ne laser, linearly polarized in the plane of incidence (plane of observation) or orthogonal to that plane. We have compared it with the intensity of the radiation reflected by the surface of the cuvet wall, as estimated based on the geometric approximation. We have found the optimal conditions for probing and observing scattering for the layer in a cuvet, where such conditions are characterized by a minimal effect from the cuvet walls and the maximum ratio of useful signal to background. Report given at the Fifth International Scientific and Technical Conference on Quantum Electronics, 22–25 November 2004, Minsk, Belarus. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 270–272, March–April, 2006.     

Power-Law Behavior in Signal Scattering Process in Vertical Granular Chain with Light Impurities

We investigate the scattering process of impulse in vertical granular chain with light impurities. When the perturbation is weak, the quantities describing the reflection rate exhibit power-law behavior with the impurity depth. The exponent is nearly independent of vi. When the perturbation is very strong, the vertical chain shows similar behavior to that of the horizontal chain, so the exponent is nearly zero. Our numerical investigation begins from the weak perturbation region and extends to the nonlinear region and found a peak of the exponent. The difficulty in extending the numerical investigation to a stronger perturbation region is analyzed.PACS numbers: 45.70.-n, 43.25. y, 46.40.Cd     

The physical meaning of scattering matrix singularities in coupled-channel formalisms⋆

The physical meaning of bare and dressed scattering matrix singularities has been investigated. Special attention has been attributed to the role of the well-known invariance of the scattering matrix with respect to the field transformation of the effective Lagrangian. Examples of evaluating bare and dressed quantities in various models are given.     

New Receiving Mode of Extinction for Determining Particle Size and Density without Convex Lens

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｉｆａｌｉｇｈｔｂｅａｍ ｐａｓｓｅｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｔｒａｎｓｐａｒｅｎｔｍｅｄｉｕｍ ,ｉｔｓｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｗｉｌｌｂｅｗｅａｋｅｎｅｄｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ[1] .Ｔｈｉｓｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｏｆ ｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｃａｔｔｅｒｉｎｇｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｗａｖｅｓａｒｅｄｉｆｆｕｓｅｄｉｎｓｐａｃｅａｌ…     

Spectral polarization characteristics of optical radiation reflected from leaves subjected to unfavorable ecological factors

Angle distributions of the degree and azimuth of polarization of radiation scattered by individual leaves were measured. The polarization characteristics of the reflected radiation were investigated at four radiation wavelengths (460, 550, 680, and 740 nm) and angles of exposure of leaves to light of 60–70°. The experiments were performed with leaves of maples (Acer platonoides) at different stages of vegetation and withering. More than 1000 distributions of the spectral polarization characteristics of the reflected radiation were obtained for maple leaves taken from regions with different ecological conditions during 1993–1995 It was established that the spectral polarization characteristics of the radiation scattered by a leaf markedly change with the state of the leaf. Belarusian State University, 4, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220080, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 107–113, January–February, 1998.     

Direct and inverse multichannel scattering problems

We consider small oscillations of a system of pairwise interacting particles in an external field near a stable equilibrium. The system is assumed to consist of finitely many channels, i.e., semi-infinite linear chains of particles, attached to a scatterer, which is a finite system of interacting particles. Direct and inverse scattering problems are considered. In particular, an algorithm finding characteristics of the channels on the basis of scattering data is given.     

Substitutional adsorption of K on Fe(100)

The adsorption of potassium on Fe(100) was studied by time-of-flight forward scattering and recoiling spectroscopy (TOF-SARS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). After heating to 650 K of the potassium saturated surface the formation of a p(3 × 3) potassium superstructure was observed by LEED. TOF-SARS experiments ruled out the adsorption of potassium in the on-top, bridge and four-fold hollow site. The only site which is in agreement with all experimental results is the substitutional site where K replaces an Fe atom of the topmost layer of the crystal. This is the first time a substitutional adsorption site has been found on a bcc surface. On an fcc surface such an adsorption site has been found recently for adsorption of sodium and potassium on Al(111).