Application of a kinematic hardening viscoplasticity model with thresholds to the residual stress relaxation

The life analysis of engine components needs to take into account the residual stress relaxation induced by cyclic service loads. The paper recalls a new class of constitutive equations for cyclic viscoplasticity, using a series of kinematic hardening models with thresholds. The equations are introduced within a recently enlarged thermodynamic framework. Some attention is focused to the relations with multisurface approaches and to a specific determination procedure of the model parameters. The new model is applied to the calculation of the near surface residual stress relaxation after shot peening, when the structure is submitted to cyclic service loads. The simulated stabilized residual stresses are in good accordance with experimental results obtained on an N18 disk alloy at 650°C. In comparison, the classical model without threshold predicts the complete vanishing of the residual stresses, which is not satisfactory.     

过渡层厚度对Be/CuCrZr热等静压连接性能影响

在铍上用物理气相沉积(PVD)镀上10μmTi 和10μmCu,再添加不同厚度的(分别为0.00mm、0.25mm、 0.50mm、0.75mm、1.00mm)无氧铜作为中间过渡层,与CuCrZr/316L(N)复合板基座铜合金侧通过热等静压连接。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)与电子探针(EPMA)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、剪切试验等方法确定了界面组织与性能。试验结果表明：各厚度无氧铜模块连接成功,界面无裂纹、空洞等缺陷,钛铜间出现三层明显的反应层,分别为CuTi₂、CuTi 以及Cu₄Ti。添加无氧铜厚度越大,剪切强度越大。     

The influence of processing gas on the mechanical properties of sputtered B-C-N-H films

This work describes the microstructure and mechanical properties of B-C-N-H films synthesized by medium frequency magnetron sputtering from a boron target in a N₂ + CH₄ + Ar gas mixture. The increase in the CH₄ flow rate increases the carbonaceous compound species, causes the increase of the C atomic concentration and promotes the formation of sp³-hybridized carbon. The change of hardness with the CH₄ flow rate had a relationship with the residual stress. The coefficient of friction was reduced approximately from 0.8 to 0.18, and wear resistance was considerably improved by increasing the flow of CH₄ gas component from 0 to 40 sccm. The change of films’ hardness was discussed and attributed primarily to the internal defects and bonding characteristics, while the superior tribological properties of the films could be assigned to the formation of sp³-hybridized carbon and the C-H bonding.     

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对Nb3Sn超导线低温下残余应力进行了分析。通过分析复合材料产生热应力的机理,给出弹性假设下计算残余应变的公式。用有限元分析计算了超导线制造到降温过程中各组分的应力变化情况,得到Nb3Sn超导丝在低温下的残余应变,模拟了不锈钢管对超导线残余应力的影响。     

用毛细管气相色谱法测定氢氯噻嗪中甲醛的残留量

建立了采用直接进样毛细管气相色谱法测定氢氯噻嗪中甲醛残留量的方法。色谱柱为DB-1石英毛细管柱,采用程序升温,载气为氮气,检测器为FID,以DMF为溶剂。在上述色谱条件下,甲醛的线性范围为100—900mg/L,r=0.9999;平均加样回收率为100.34%,相对标准偏差RSD为1.56%。本方法简便、专属性强、准确度高,可用于测定原料药中甲醛的残留量。     

A novel second-order standard addition analytical method based on data processing with multidimensional partial least-squares and residual bilinearization

In the presence of analyte-background interactions and a significant background signal, both second-order multivariate calibration and standard addition are required for successful analyte quantitation achieving the second-order advantage. This report discusses a modified second-order standard addition method, in which the test data matrix is subtracted from the standard addition matrices, and quantitation proceeds via the classical external calibration procedure. It is shown that this novel data processing method allows one to apply not only parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS), but also the recently introduced and more flexible partial least-squares (PLS) models coupled to residual bilinearization (RBL). In particular, the multidimensional variant N-PLS/RBL is shown to produce the best analytical results. The comparison is carried out with the aid of a set of simulated data, as well as two experimental data sets: one aimed at the determination of salicylate in human serum in the presence of naproxen as an additional interferent, and the second one devoted to the analysis of danofloxacin in human serum in the presence of salicylate.     

Fast chromatographic method for the determination of dyes in beverages by using high performance liquid chromatography—Diode array detection data and second order algorithms

A fast chromatographic methodology is presented for the analysis of three synthetic dyes in non-alcoholic beverages: amaranth (E123), sunset yellow FCF (E110) and tartrazine (E102). Seven soft drinks (purchased from a local supermarket) were homogenized, filtered and injected into the chromatographic system. Second order data were obtained by a rapid LC separation and DAD detection. A comparative study of the performance of two second order algorithms (MCR-ALS and U-PLS/RBL) applied to model the data, is presented. Interestingly, the data present time shift between different chromatograms and cannot be conveniently corrected to determine the above-mentioned dyes in beverage samples. This fact originates the lack of trilinearity that cannot be conveniently pre-processed and can hardly be modelled by using U-PLS/RBL algorithm. On the contrary, MCR-ALS has shown to be an excellent tool for modelling this kind of data allowing to reach acceptable figures of merit. Recovery values ranged between 97% and 105% when analyzing artificial and real samples were indicative of the good performance of the method. In contrast with the complete separation, which consumes 10 mL of methanol and 3 mL of 0.08 mol L⁻¹ ammonium acetate, the proposed fast chromatography method requires only 0.46 mL of methanol and 1.54 mL of 0.08 mol L⁻¹ ammonium acetate. Consequently, analysis time could be reduced up to 14.2% of the necessary time to perform the complete separation allowing saving both solvents and time, which are related to a reduction of both the costs per analysis and environmental impact.     

A new variant of L-curve for Tikhonov regularization

In this paper we introduce a new variant of L-curve to estimate the Tikhonov regularization parameter for the regularization of discrete ill-posed problems. This method uses the solution norm versus the regularization parameter. The numerical efficiency of this new method is also discussed by considering some test problems.     

Establishment of a knowledge base for identification of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals

A knowledge base for identification of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals has been established using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatograph-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (GC-FTIR). Sixty solvents were studied according to the guideline for residual solvents regulated by the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). The standard mass spectra library, the limit of detection (LOD) mass spectra library, the standard vapor-phase infrared spectra library, and the limit of detection (LOD) vapor-phase infrared spectra library were established and constituted the knowledge base. Using the knowledge base, the problem of qualitation, which was the difficulty of determining residual solvents, can be resolved.     

Residual stability of polyurethane automotive coatings measured by chemiluminescence and equivalence of Xenotest and Solisi ageing tests

Degradation of poly(ester-urethanes) and poly(acrylic-urethanes), as a base for automotive paintings in interior applications, has been studied by chemiluminescence. The samples were clearcoat and black-pigmented paints, unstabilised and stabilized with HALS Tinuvin 292 and UV absorber Tinuvin 1130, exposed to various doses of artificial weathering in Xenotest and Solisi equipment. Chemiluminescence has appeared a powerful tool to evaluate the oxidation stability of various polyurethane systems. From the dependences of oxidation onset temperature on heating rate, the kinetic parameters describing the dependence of induction periods on temperature have been obtained. The kinetic parameters enabled us to calculate the length of the induction period for a chosen temperature, the protection factors of various additives and the residual stability of the polymer after an artificial ageing stress. It has been found that the loss of residual stability with ageing dose obeys a first-order relationship. Equivalence between the two methods of artificial ageing has been determined. The results indicate that the equivalence depends on the polymer composition. The procedure presented here can also be applied for the determination of equivalence of accelerated and field tests so contributing to establishing a reliable correlation between them.