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91.
以麦秆和稻壳生物质为研究对象,在不同的热解温度、热解速率以及蒸汽活化温度条件下制备了生物质焦,采用比表面积与孔隙度分析仪测定生物质焦的比表面积和孔隙结构参数。利用固定床吸附装置,研究了热解温度、热解速率、活化温度和模拟烟气中SO2和NO浓度等因素对生物质焦吸附SO2和NO性能的影响。结果表明,蒸汽活化可以显著提高生物质焦的BET比表面积、D-R比表面积、D-R微孔容积和总孔容,降低其平均孔径,并显著增加蒸汽活化生物质焦对SO2与NO吸附的起始穿透时间和吸附量。快速热解下制得的蒸汽活化焦对SO2和NO的吸附效果优于慢速热解,热解温度为873 K的蒸汽活化焦的吸附性能明显好于热解温度为673与1 073 K的蒸汽活化焦。在973~1 173 K下,随着蒸汽活化温度的提高,蒸汽活化生物质焦对SO2和NO的吸附量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。随着模拟烟气中SO2与NO浓度的降低,蒸汽活化生物质焦对SO2与NO吸附的起始穿透时间延长,但相应的SO2和NO吸附量下降。在873 K、快速热解和1 073 K条件下制得的蒸汽活化麦秆焦对SO2和NO吸附量最大,其值分别为109.02和21.77 mg/g。 相似文献
92.
解耦双回路气化系统中生物质催化水蒸气气化制富氢气体 《燃料化学学报》2019,47(12):1430-1439
为强化生物质气化过程中焦油转化和氢气富集,提出了一种新型解耦双回路气化系统(DDLG) 。该气化系统将气化过程解耦为燃料气化、焦油重整和半焦燃烧三个子过程,分别发生于三个独立的反应器,即气化反应器、重整反应器和燃烧反应器。其中,气化反应器和重整反应器并行布置,分别与燃烧反应器相连,形成两个平行的且可独立控制的双循环回路。以松木屑为原料及兼作为原位焦油重整催化剂的煅烧橄榄石为循环固体热载体,考察了反应条件对 DDLG 中松木屑气化性能的影响。结果表明,重整反应器从气化反应器中解耦,并辅以橄榄石催化剂,可实现焦油高效转化脱除。如气化反应器700℃、重整反应器 850℃和水蒸气与原料中碳的质量比(S/C) 1.2 反应条件下,产品气中焦油含量降低至13.9g /m~3,气体产率和H_2分别达到1.0m~3 /kg,和38.8%。 相似文献
93.
In the present era, a major drawback of current anti-cancer drugs is the lack of satisfactory specificity towards tumor cells. Despite the presence of several therapies against cancer, tumor homing peptides are gaining importance as therapeutic agents. In this regard, the huge number of therapeutic peptides generated in recent years, demands the need to develop an effective and interpretable computational model for rapidly, effectively and automatically predicting tumor homing peptides. Therefore, a sequence-based approach referred herein as THPep has been developed to predict and analyze tumor homing peptides by using an interpretable random forest classifier in concomitant with amino acid composition, dipeptide composition and pseudo amino acid composition. An overall accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficient of 90.13% and 0.76, respectively, were achieved from the independent test set on an objective benchmark dataset. Upon comparison, it was found that THPep was superior to the existing method and holds high potential as a useful tool for predicting tumor homing peptides. For the convenience of experimental scientists, a web server for this proposed method is provided publicly at http://codes.bio/thpep/. 相似文献
94.
Bacterial induced carbonate mineralization has been demonstrated as a new potential method for restoration of limestones in historic buildings and monuments. We claim here the formation of calcium carbonate was controlled by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) isolated from Bacillus pasteurii. The process of crystallization nucleation was accelerated in the presence of cells and inhibited in the presence of EPS. The CaCO3 film deposited on cement paste surface was about 100 µm after 7 d treatment. The results of various restoring methods showed that higher decrease of water absorption of cement paste was gained in brushing application in the presence of agar, which could maintain urease with high activity in long term compared to spraying method. The coefficient of capillary suction of cement paste treated with brushing method was reduced by 90%. Mixed media consisted of sands, urea, Ca2+ and concentrated biomass, was injected into artificial cracks of cement paste followed by continual nutrient supplement, and CaCO3 particles were precipitated gradually between sands particles which were combined with cement matrix. The results showed that the compressive strength of recovered specimens was restored to 84%, which demonstrated that this kind of bio‐restoration method is effective in repairing surface defects of cement‐based materials. 相似文献
95.
96.
固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定食品包装材料中残留有机溶剂 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了一种以固相微萃取与气相色谱-氢火焰联用技术为基础的测定食品包装材料中15种常用有机溶剂(苯类、醇类、酮类、酯类等)的方法。选择聚二甲亚砜作为固相微萃取的萃取相,采用DB-624毛细管色谱柱进行分离。在优化的试验条件下,15种有机残留溶剂在20min内能很好地分离,15种溶剂的测定下限(10S/N)为0.08~0.69μg.dm-2。加标回收率为60.0%~115.0%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.17%~8.34%。 相似文献
97.
The rational and sustainable exploitation of nature resources is one of the priority objectives of our society. In this article a method is proposed to evaluate and exploit the energetic resources contained in different forest formations. This method is based on the use of a combustion bomb calorimeter to determine the calorific values of the different samples studied. These results were complemented with chemical analysis of the samples and with environmental and geomorphological studies of the zones were samples were taken. The results obtained during the last 3 years for the residual biomass originated from the forest formations existing in Galicia ensure the reliability and usefulness of the method that can be extended to any forest formation all over the world. 相似文献
98.
以晋城无烟煤和生物质(肉骨粉Meat and Bone Meal:MBM)为原料,在固定床上采用快速热解法制备了煤和生物质焦样。采用扫描电子显微镜结合X射线能谱分析仪(SEM-EDX)分析了煤焦和MBM焦的表面形态和组成;在热天平上采用等温热重法进行了煤焦/MBM焦混合物的水蒸气气化研究。实验结果表明,煤/MBM焦混合物的共气化实验碳转化率高于两者不存在协同作用时的计算值,这是由于MBM焦含有较多的Na、Ca等元素,这些物质对煤焦气化起到了催化作用。当对MBM焦进行脱灰处理后,其气化反应性显著下降。混合物中MBM焦的质量分数在20%~80%时,随着MBM焦含量的增加,混合物中的煤焦反应性相应提高。 相似文献
99.
Ludwig Hermann 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(1-3):176-178
Abstract Human and animal excrements, in particular manure, stand for a significant and undisputable source of plant nutrients and renewable energy. In Europe, only 36% of P-inputs to soils originate from primary resources (rock phosphate) whereas 63% come from animal and human excretions applied to cropland as manure, digestion residues and sewage sludge. Simultaneously these waste flows represent a potential hazard to human health and aquatic bodies because of pathogens and eutrophication. Management of these waste flows is far from being sustainable, in part due to the lack of efficient processing technologies. A cooperative InnoEnergy—EIT financed KIC Knowledge and Innovation Community—research project pursues development and demonstration of highly efficient technologies to overcome the constraints and to yield renewable phosphate fertilizers and energy from waste flows that may have a combined technical energy potential of 3,600 PJ/year and an annual phosphate recovery potential of 4.5–5.5 million tonnes (as P2O5) in Europe. 相似文献
100.
《Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews》2013,6(2):79-97
Abstract Biomass and renewable raw materials are the basis and driver for an even greater alignment of industry to the principles of green chemistry and sustainability. Nature provides a remarkably wide range of renewable raw materials with varying properties and differing chemical compositions. Renewable raw materials are therefore especially interesting as alternatives to fossil resources for energy generation and as starting materials for industrial chemistry. Since various forms of biomass are also essential for human nutrition and animal feed, their use as feedstocks for other purposes must be balanced. Ideally, the biomass remaining after the nutritious components are removed can serve as a feedstock. Examples of applications that use biomass as starting materials include adhesives, textile and leather, cosmetics, cleaning agents, coatings, paints, printing inks, crop protection, lubricants and dietary supplements. 相似文献