Interphase formation of a resin transfer molded silica-phenolics composites subjected to dynamic impregnation process

In this study interphase formation of a resin transfer molded (RTMed) silica-phenolics composites subjected to dynamic impregnation process was investigated. The solvent effect on the interphase formation of silica fiber-phenolics composites was evaluated. UV-vis spectra, XPS and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques were used to characterize the competitive adsorption of the components of phenolics solution onto silica reinforcement surfaces. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and void content of silica-phenolics composites were also measured. It has been found that phenolics forms distribution gradient over RTM mold with respect to isomeric composition under the effect of solvent, which result, to varying extent, in the inhomogeneity of void content and thus ILSS of a final product. For the first time, it has been shown that the RTM process of silica-phenolics composites is highly solvent-dependent. Our work gives an insight into the role of organic solvent in a RTM solution impregnation processing and provides useful information and trends relating microscopic to macroscopic behavior.     

Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Derived Monolithic Materials: Novel Syntheses and Applications

Summary: Selected recent accomplishments in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization-based synthesis of polymeric monolithic materials are summarized. Both synthetic and applicative aspects are included.     

Flame retardant poly (lactic acid) biocomposites based on azo‐boron coupled 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol and its combination with calcium lignosulfonate—Crystalline and mechanical properties

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has become an important biopolymer with excellent properties but has limited engineering applications where fire safety is ultimate. An efficient flame retardant (FR) for PLA biocomposites based on azo‐boron coupled with 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol‐(((1E,1′E)‐(sulfonylbis(6‐hydroxy‐3,1‐phenylene))bis (diazene‐2,1‐diyl))bis(3,1‐phenylene))diboronic acid (SBDA) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra. SBDA was combined with calcium lignosulfonate (Calig) and compounded with PLA, and the FR, crystallization, and mechanical properties were investigated. The addition of 15 wt% FR (10 wt% Calig and 5 wt% SBDA) into PLA led to important reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR) approximately 54%, total heat release (THR) approximately 28.6%, and the average effective heat of combustion (AEHC) approximately 29.4%. The fire performance index and fire growth index improved by approximately 56.4% and 33.1%, respectively. A V‐0 rating (vertical burning test) and a limiting oxygen index value of 28.8% were achieved for the FR PLA biocomposites. The combinatory SBDA/Calig reduced the segmental mobility of PLA in the organic‐inorganic interface with insignificant changes in the elongation at break and the Young Modulus. TG‐IR study showed significant reductions in pyrolysis gaseous products for the composites compared with PLA. This research work will expand the frontiers of knowledge on use of boron and calcium functionalized polyaromatic polyols for reducing the flammability of PLA.     

Three‐Dimensional Fluorescence Image Patterning of Network Aliphatic Polyester via Microtransfer Molding and Thermal Treatment

This paper describes that three‐dimensional (3‐D) fluorescence image patterning of a network aliphatic polyester was successfully conducted by microtransfer molding (µTM) of the prepolymer and subsequent thermal treatment. A highly sticky, aliphatic ester prepolymer, containing a malonate moiety in the main chain, was obtained by a two‐step reaction, quantitatively. The 3‐D micropattern of the prepolymer was fabricated by µTM using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as elastomeric mold. The patterns showed a clear shape without any residual layer. When the molded prepolymer was thermally treated, the patterns exhibited very distinct fluorescence images in a full color range of sky‐blue, yellowish green and red regions when excited at wavelengths of 325, 488, and 580 nm, respectively.

     

Process dependence of pressure-specific volume-temperature measurement for amorphous polymer: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene

The process dependence of pressure-specific volume-temperature (pvT) measurement for an amorphous polymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), was investigated. The influences of different measurement processes (heating, cooling, compression, and decompression with different rates) were considered in the pvT measurements. The pvT measurements of isobaric cooling and heating with different cooling and heating rates (2, 5, and 10 °C/min) and isothermal compression and decompression with different compression and decompression rates (up to 920 bar/s) were conducted. The testing temperature ranged between 40 and 230 °C and the pressure ranged between 20 and 2200 bar. The obtained results demonstrated that the pvT diagram will be significantly different depending on the direction in which the pressure or temperature is changing and also on the rate of the change. Isobaric pvT diagrams are different between cooling and heating. Fast cooling accelerates phase transitions, while fast heating reverses. Specific volume at the same pressure and temperature in decompression process is lower than that in compression. Compression and decompression leads to different pvT curves. Compression and decompression rates have different effects on specific volume in different states.     

Mechanical,thermal, and morphological properties of powder coating waste reinforced acetal copolymer

The present study investigates the individual effects of three different thermosetting waste materials, used as fillers, on the mechanical, thermal and flow properties of acetal copolymers (POM). Different amounts ranging from 5% to 30% by weight of hydrolyzed powder coating recyclates were mixed as filler material in POM. The matrix and the fillers were first dry-mixed and then compounds were prepared through melt extrusion. The resulting compounds were cooled, granulated, and then standard tensile test bars were produced through use of an injection-molding machine. We investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of test specimens, and tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength were evaluated as a function of type and amount of filler material in the POM matrix. In addition, the change in melt flow index of POM/filler mixtures was determined, before and after extrusion. Furthermore, the morphology of the specimens was examined via electron microscopy. The results of this investigation are encouraging and present an innovative approach to reutilize hydrolyzed electrostatic powder coating wastes with thermoset structures as fillers in acetal copolymers.     

聚合物反应注射成型

本文简要地介绍了反应注射成型(RIM)的发展,RIM的化学体系,RIM过程和制品的成型,RIM过程的主要特点及RIM聚氨酯的主要组分。     

Reprogrammable Chemical 3D Shaping for Origami,Kirigami, and Reconfigurable Molding

Origami- and kirigami-based design principles have recently received strong interest from the scientific and engineering communities because they offer fresh approaches to engineering of structural hierarchy and adaptive functions in materials, which could lead to many promising applications. Herein, we present a reprogrammable 3D chemical shaping strategy for creating a wide variety of stable complex origami and kirigami structures autonomously. This strategy relies on a reverse patterning method that encodes prescribed 3D geometric information as a spatial pattern of the unlocked phase (dispersed phase) in the locked phase (matrix phase) in a pre-stretched Nafion sheet. Building upon the unique chemical reprogramming capability of the Nafion shape memory polymer, we have developed a reconfigurable molding technology that can significantly reduce time, costs, and waste by shaping various 3D materials with high fidelity.     

小非球面零件制造技术的最新进展

非球面零件在光学仪器小型化、集成化的发展中起着非常重要的作用。用模压成形方法生产小尺寸非球面透镜是最经济、重复性最好的方法。本文主要讨论了模压玻璃非球面透镜的材料选择、模具制造等问题。     

Electrical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composites Prepared by Vibration Injection Molding

To study the effect of vibration field on the electrical conductivity properties of nanocomposites, isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites were prepared by conventional injection molding and vibration injection molding. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of iPP/MWCNT composites was significantly promoted by vibration injection molding. Vibration injection molded samples had a percolation threshold of about 2.7 wt% compared with the threshold of about 4.5 wt% for conventional injection molded samples. The effects of test locations and vibration frequency on the electrical conductivity of composites were investigated. The samples exhibited an inhomogeneity along the injection direction. The electrical conductivity of the samples was different at different test locations and increased with increasing vibration frequency. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) results indicated that vibration injection molding can induce MWCNT aggregates to be stretched and oriented along the flow direction, which could form conductive networks and greatly enhance the electrical conductivity of iPP/MWCNT composites.