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71.
A new ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed using quality-by-design principles for quantifying trace-level impurities of ibrutinib. The method utilized an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of equal parts of 0.02 M formic acid in water and 0.02 M formic acid in acetonitrile. The critical method parameters, including mobile phase pH, column temperature, and flow rate, were optimized using the design of experiments. Statistical analysis revealed the impact of these parameters on critical quality attributes. Perturbation and response surface plots illustrated the individual and interactive effects of the parameters. The optimal parameter levels were determined to be pH, 2.5; column temperature, 28°C; and flow rate, 0.55 mL/min. Confirmation experiments demonstrated the method's robustness, with the separation of impurities and unknown degradation products within a 5-min runtime. The optimized ultra-performance liquid chromatography method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method exhibited linear response within the range of 0.025–100 μg/mL for ibrutinib and 0.0187–0.225 μg/mL for impurities (r2 > 0.9995), with limits of detection/limits of quantification of 0.01/0.025 and 0.015/0.0187 for ibrutinib and four impurities, respectively. Recoveries for the drug and impurities ranged from 92.69 to 102.7%, and precision was below 2% and 8% relative standard deviation for ibrutinib and impurities, respectively. 相似文献
72.
Dustin T. Savage Nicolas J. Briot J. Zach Hilt Thomas D. Dziubla 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2021,59(4):289-299
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have rapidly accumulated in the environment due to their widespread use prior to commercial discussion in the early 21st century, and their slow degradation has magnified concerns of their potential toxicity. Monitoring their distribution is, therefore, necessary to evaluate and control their impact on the health of exposed populations. This investigation evaluates the capability of a simple polymeric detection scheme for PFAS based on crosslinked, thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels. Surveying swelling perturbations induced by several hydrotropes and comparable hydrocarbon analogs, tetraethylammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate (TPFOS) showed a significantly higher swelling ratio on a mass basis (65.5 ± 8.8 at 15°C) than any of the other analytes tested. Combining swelling with the fluorimetric response of a solvachromatic dye, nile red, revealed the fluorosurfactant to initiate observable aggregation (i.e., its critical aggregation concentration) at 0.05 mM and reach saturation (i.e., its charge neutralization concentration) at 0.5 mM. The fluorosurfactant was found to homogeneously distribute throughout the polymer matrix with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, marking the swelling response as a peculiar nexus of fluorinated interfacial positioning and delocalized electrostatic repulsion. Results from the current study hold promise for exploiting the physiochemical response of PNIPAM to assess TPFOS's concentration. 相似文献
73.
Nettle and the sage herbs were used to obtain carbonaceous adsorbents. For the biochar preparation the precursors were dried and subjected to conventional pyrolysis. Activated carbons were obtained during precursor impregnation with phosphoric(V) acid and multistep pyrolysis. The textural parameters and acidic-basic properties of the obtained adsorbents were studied. The activated carbons prepared from the above herbs were characterized by the largely developed specific surface area. The obtained carbonaceous adsorbents were used for polymer removal from aqueous solution. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) were chosen, due to their frequent presence in wastewater resulting from their extensive usage in many industrial fields. The influence of polymers on the electrokinetic properties of activated carbon were considered. PAA adsorption caused a decrease in the zeta potential and the surface charge density, whereas PEI increased these values. The activated carbons and biochars were used as polymer adsorbents from their single and binary solutions. Both polymers showed the greatest adsorption at pH 3. Poly (acrylic acid) had no significant effect on the polyethylenimine adsorbed amount, whereas PEI presence decreased the amount of PAA adsorption. Both polymers could be successfully desorbed from the activated carbons and biochar surfaces. The presented studies are innovatory and greatly required for the development of new environment protection procedures. 相似文献
74.
A. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Rehan Rafiq Aqeel Ahmad Abdulhalim Shah Maulud Muhammad Moniruzzaman 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(22)
In the current study, we have synthesized an imidazolium based cross-linked polymer, namely, 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM) using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as cross linker, and demonstrated its efficiency for the removal of two extensively used ionic dyes—methylene blue and orange-II—from aqueous systems. The detailed characterization of the synthesized poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM was performed with the help of 1H NMR, TGA, FT-IR and FE-SEM analysis. The concentration of dyes in aqueous samples before and after the adsorption process was measured using an UV-vis spectrophotometer. The process parameters were optimised, and highest adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of 7.0, adsorbent dosage of 0.75 g/L, contact time of 7 h and dye concentrations of 100 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L for methylene blue and orange-II, respectively. The adsorption kinetics for orange-II and methylene blue were well described by pseudo-first-order and pseudo–second-order models, respectively. Meanwhile, the process of adsorption was best depicted by Langmuir isotherms for both the dyes. The highest monolayer adsorption capacities for methylene blue and orange-II were found to be 1212 mg/g and 126 mg/g, respectively. Overall, the synthesized cross-linked poly[veim][Tf2N]-TRIM effectively removed the selected ionic dyes from aqueous samples and provided >90% of adsorption efficiency after four cycles of adsorption. A possible adsorption mechanism between the synthesised polymeric adsorbent and proposed dyes is presented. It is further suggested that the proposed ionic liquid polymer adsorbent could effectively remove other ionic dyes and pollutants from contaminated aqueous systems. 相似文献
75.
76.
The creation of this article was the necessity of experimental determination of the electric conductivity of juice depending on the concentration of solids, expressed by the empirical formula, in order to more precisely control specific power supplied to the machine and foaming. Authors of the article held staged experimental studies using apple juice, the juice of red mountain ash, buckthorn and black currant. Found that the relationship between the conductivity of the juice solids content corresponds to the empirical formula of Kohlrausch, however, this formula does not represent the contribution juice acidity value of conductivity, and allows to correlate the specific power input to the device with the concentration of solids. The empirical formulas for the distribution of electrical juice conductivity depending on the acidity and for calculation of the specific power depending on the concentration of dry matter, allows to keep the speed of the foam below its destruction speed in the zone of vigorous reflux. 相似文献
77.
Summary β-Cyclodextrin sulfate having heparin-mimicking activity was immobilized on a hydrophilic vinyl-polymer gel, TSKgel AF-Epoxy,
TOYOPEARL 650M. A column packed with this material could be used for high-performance affinity chromatographic separation
of heparin-binding substances such as growth factors, enzymes, coagulation factors and lipoproteins. The substances retained
on the column were recovered more easily than those on a heparin-immobilized column. Furthermore, the β-Cyclodextin sulfate-immobilized
gel was superior in stability to the heparin-immobilized gel when exposed to acidic and basic solutions. 相似文献
78.
Volatile flavoring substances in foodstuffs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H G Maier 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1970,9(12):917-926
The odor of most foods is produced by mixtures of many volatile flavoring substances. Over the past century, numerous food flavors have been analyzed in sufficient detail to allow a survey of the classes of substances responsible, the formation of individual flavoring substances, and their fixation in the foods. In addition to special biosynthetic pathways, the breakdown of fats and the Maillard reaction have been found to be particularly important to the formation of flavoring substances. 相似文献
79.
80.
The isotopic compositions of carbon compounds in landfill leachate provide insights into the biodegradation pathways that dominate the different stages of waste decomposition. In this study, the carbon geochemistry of different carbon pools, environmental stable isotopes and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of leachate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractions and gases show distinctions in leachate biogeochemistry and methane production between the young area of active waste emplacement and the old area of historical emplacement at the Trail Road Landfill (TRL). The active area leachate has low DOC concentrations (<200 mg l?1) dominated by fulvic acid (FA=160 mg l?1), and produces CH4 dominantly by CO2 reduction (D? excess=20.6‰). Leachate generated in the area of older waste has high DOC (>4770 mg l?1) dominated by FA (4482 mg l?1) and simple fatty acids (acetic=1008 mg l?1 and propionic=608 mg l?1), and produces CH4 by the acetate fermentation pathway (D? excess=9.8‰). CSIA shows an advanced degradation and a progressive accumulation of 13C of fatty acids in leachate from the older area. The enriched 13C value of FA (?20 and?26‰ for the older and active parts, respectively,) and of low molecular weight DOC (?8 and?27‰) as well as of the bulk DOC (?21 and?25‰) shows more advanced degradation in the older part of the landfill, which is consistent with the shift in the humic/FA ratios (0.05 and 0.18). The 13C enrichment of acetate (?12‰) above the 13C of DOC (?21‰) and of propionic acid (?19‰), in older leachate, suggests that this acetate has not evolved from the simple degradation of larger organic molecules, but by homoacetogenesis from the enriched dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool (8‰) and H2, which produce a more enriched 13C of acetate. In contrast, the 13C of the minor acetate in the active area (?17‰) indicates that CO2-reducing bacteria must be the primary consumers of H2, which has resulted in enriched 13CDIC (10‰) and depleted 13CCH4 (?58‰). 相似文献