3类高关注紫外线吸收剂的前处理与检测技术研究进展

紫外线吸收剂是一种具有强烈吸收紫外线作用的光稳定剂,会对生态环境以及人体健康造成危害,国内外许多国家已制定相关法规限制其使用。该文综述了近几年来国内外关于二苯甲酮类、三嗪类和苯并三唑类3类紫外线吸收剂检测的研究现状,分别对样品前处理与检测技术进行了详细介绍,并对其研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

A Multicolumn Ion Chromatographic Determination of Nitrate and Sulfate in Waters Containing Humic Substances

Abstract

A three-column ion chromatographic system for the removal of humic substances from natural waters, and subsequent on-line concentration and determination of nitrate and sulfate using non-suppressed ion chromatography is presented. Humic substances are removed using disposable adsorption columns packed with chemically bonded amine silica material. The sample is directly transfered to an ion exchange column where the anions are concentrated ca 10 times. After reversing the flow, the ions are transferred to a third column where they are separated and quantified. The detection limit is less than 1 mg L^?1 of nitrate or sulfate in water containing 45mgL^?1 of humic acid.     

酸枣果肉中挥发性化学成分的提取及分析

报道了用蒸馏-萃取法和同时蒸馏-萃取法提取酸枣果肉中挥发性物质,测得两种方法提取的酸枣果肉挥发油含量分别为1．80％和2．30％。用GC／MS法从酸枣果肉挥发油中分别分离并确定出43种和28种化学成分,分别占酸枣果肉挥发油总检出量的95．62％和94．88％。用峰面积归一化法通过化学工作站数据处理系统,得出各化学成分在挥发油中的相对百分含量。     

我国典型电子垃圾拆解地持久性有毒化学污染物污染现状

电子垃圾拆解所引起的环境问题已经受到广泛关注,根据联合国环境规划署统计,全球约70%的电子垃圾通过各种途径进入我国,而我国自身也产生大量的电子垃圾。我国电子垃圾拆解活动采用的工艺较为原始,位于广东的贵屿和浙江的台州是我国最大的两个电子垃圾拆解地,拆解过程中电子垃圾本身含有和不当处置所产生的大量持久性有毒化学污染物(如重金属、二 NFDA1 英类、溴代阻燃剂等)释放到环境中,对拆解地生态系统及居民健康造成严重的威胁。本文重点针对我国电子垃圾拆解所造成的持久性有毒污染物(PTS)污染现状、管理措施和法规、拆解区居民所面临的持久性有毒污染物暴露健康风险及其相关研究最新进展进行了分析和概括,并对电子垃圾拆解区域持久性有毒污染物及新型环境污染物研究和发展方向作了展望。     

Influence of amide linkages on acidity determinations of humic substances Testing with model-mixtures

A set of experiments, using model compounds, was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of amide linkages on acidity measurements of humic substances (HS). Three benzene-carboxylic acids (2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and phthalic acid) and two peptides (dl-alanyl-dl-alanine, and glycil-l-leucine) were employed to simulate the major acidic functional groups present in humic material. The acidity of the samples was measured, using the Schnitzer and Gupta methods, for each compound separately, as well as for selected mixtures with different compound combinations. General results showed that, in the absence of peptides, phenolic groups with high pK_a values are not detected in the barium hydroxide reaction and the data so obtained do not represent the real concentrations of the acidic groups. For the mixtures containing peptides, the presence of amide linkages distorts the results relative to the total acidity (TA) mainly because under the extreme conditions of the reaction with Ba(OH)₂ hydrolysis of the peptide occurs, consuming extra hydroxyl groups and increasing artificially the phenolic content. Such a condition is minimized by the reduction of the reaction time.     

Impact of Extracellular Polymeric Substance in the Inactivation of Harmful Algae by Ag2O/g-C3N4 under Visible Light

Photocatalysis has attracted much attention as an emerging algae removal technology, but the inactivation performance is inevitably affected by the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced by algae. In this study, a photocatalyst (Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄) with efficient algae inactivation is adopted to investigate the interactions with EPS, and the impact of EPS on photocatalytic algae removal is studied. The results show that EPS can adhere to the surface of Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄ by electrostatic force. The interaction with EPS decreases the surface zeta potential of the Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄ from 7.71 to −22.3 mV with the increase in EPS concentration, and the maximum ratio of particle size increases from 825 to 1281 nm. In addition, the interaction with EPS inhibits the release of Ag⁺ in Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄ by half, thus, the toxicity of metal ions will be alleviated. Meanwhile, EPS can also be degraded by Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄, indicating that EPS can work as a radical scavenger to protect the algae cells. Without the protection of EPS, 97.8% of algae cells are inactivated after 5 h photocatalysis. Therefore, more attention should be given to the interaction between EPS and photocatalyst to promote the design and application of the photocatalytic.     

Methyl methacrylate particles with amino groups on the surface: Colloid stability and sorption of biologically active substances

The present article investigates the influence of dispersion medium on the aggregate stability of cross-linked poly-(methyl methacrylate) particles on the surface layer of which aliphatic amino groups are localized. It is shown that particle size depends on the ionic strength of dispersion medium. The research determines the optimal content of cross-linked agent, ethylene glycol dimetharylate that results in the formation of cationic particles being stable in saline. Particle modification is performed by bovine serum albumin and luminophore fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate. Protein sorption is observed not to influence luminescent properties of the particles. It is also determined that due to the aggregate stability of particles obtained from 5?wt% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in saline, the monodispersity and the absence of inversion of zeta potential in wide pH range is retained, such particles may be considered as perspective carriers of biologically active substances.     

Bienzyme Sensor Based on an Oxygen Reducing Bilirubin Oxidase Electrode

Based on an oxygen reducing electrode combining bilirubin oxidase and multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified gold (BOD‐MWCNT‐Au electrode) a bienzyme sensor is developed. Therefore the BOD‐MWCNT‐Au electrode is covalently coupled to enzymes catalysing oxygen‐consuming reactions (glucose oxidase and ascorbate oxidase) to result in a membrane‐free bienzyme electrode. The electrochemical characterisation of these bienzyme sensors reveals an enzyme substrate sensitivity down to 250 μM glucose and 100 μM ascorbate. In addition, the assembled sensor systems allow amperometric measurements in a potential range where the influence of interfering substances reacting directly at the transducing electrode is minimised. The results indicate that the BOD electrode provides a suitable platform for sensing analytes of medical and environmental interest for which oxidases of high activity are available.     

Uncertainty of measurement for summed masses: application to controlled substances

Because sentences for drug possession depend on the mass of the seized drug, testing laboratories must often determine the summed mass of numerous items submitted under a single case. One common practice for this purpose is to continue analyzing and weighing samples until a legal threshold is passed, at which point it is important to inform the court whether the summed mass is significantly above the threshold, or only marginally so. This paper develops a means for estimating the uncertainty of the summed mass for the common situation where the readability, d, of the balance dominates the uncertainty. It is seen that for all sample sizes the uncertainty, UM, is given by the remarkable simple expression UM = (d/2) × [N + SQRT(3N)] + N × CCE, where N is the number of items and CCE is the absolute value of the calibration check error. In most instances, this can be further simplified to UM = N × d.