Electrochemistry of capillary systems with narrow pores. IV. Dialysis potentials

The dialysis potentials of different collodion membranes with graded pore sizes and electrochemical activities have been measured in dilute aqueous KCl solutions as functions of concentration. It is possible to predict the value of the diffusion potential within a few millivolts on the basis of electrical conductivity data obtained with the same membranes. In general, the measured values are lower than those calculated. It is assumed that this difference is caused by the membranes having a distribution of pore sizes.     

二氧化碳和氧气的快速电化学方法联合测定

根据Ｏ２和ＣＯ２在二甲亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）介质中Ｐｔ电极上的伏安特性，采用微电极并结构计算机控制的电位调制技术，建立了快速联合测定ＣＯ２和Ｏ２的调制电位脉冲库仑法和调制电位脉冲电流法，取得了满意的结果。一次测量时间快达４０ｍｓ。ＣＯ２检测范围０￣１０％（体积百分比）；Ｏ２检测范围不受限制。通过编程设计特定的调制电位－时间波形，可保持连续检测的长期稳定性。     

Reduction of 4-nitrophenol catalyzed by nitroreductase

The reduction of 4-nitrophenol catalyzed by nitroreductase in the presence of NADH was investigated in this paper.4-Amino- phenol and 4-bydroxylamino-phenol were found in the reductive products.The relationship between reaction time and the reductive ratio were studied.The similar reducing ratios of 4-nitrophenol were obtained under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.The results indicated that an oxygen-insensitive reaction was proceeded in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and nitroreductase was an oxygen- insensitive enzyme.The reductive products of 4-nitrophenol were determined by HPLC and MS.     

Synthesis and properties of 7,7-bis(heteroazulen-3-yl)-8,8-dicyano-1,4-quinodimethanes

The synthesis and properties of a novel type of 7,7-bis(heteroazulen-3-yl)-8,8-dicyano-1,4-quinodimethanes (9a-c) are studied. The synthetic method is based on a TFA-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution on the heteroazulenes with 4-(dicyanomethyl)benzaldehyde to afford the corresponding methane derivatives, followed by oxidative hydrogen abstraction with DDQ. The polarization of 9a-c is evaluated by the inspection of their ¹³C NMR and IR spectra. Based on the investigation of the UV-Vis spectra of 9a-c and protonated cations 10a-c, conformational changes of the heteroazulene-moiety and (dicyanomethyl)phenyl group are suggested. In the CV measurements of 9a-c, two reversible reduction waves are observed, indicating the stabilizing ability of heteroazulenes toward the corresponding radical and anion species. Furthermore, 9a-c exhibit two irreversible oxidation waves, which suggest a conformational change in the radical cation during the redox process. The conformational change is rationalized on the basis of the MO calculations.     

S1←S0 Vibronic spectra and the structure of acetyl fluoride-h3 and acetyl fluoride-d3 molecules

UV absorption spectra of acetyl fluoride-h₃ and -d₃ (CH₃COF and CD₃COF) molecules in the region of S₁S₀ electronic transitions are investigated. The origins (0⁰ ₀ or 14^0± ₀) of these transitions are observed at 39912 and 39904 cm^–1, respectively, and some of the fundamental frequencies of these molecules in the s₀ and S₁ states are determined. In particular, the systems of torsion and inversion (out-of-plane C=O vibrations) energy levels are studied. The geometric parameters of an acetyl fluoride-h₃ molecule in the S₁ state are estimated by the theoretical simulation of the rotational contours of the 0⁰ ₀ (14^0± ₀) band. These data are used to evaluate the potential barriers to internal rotation in the S₀ and S₁ states, which were found to be 360 and 560 cm^–1 for acetyl fluoride-h₃ and 380 and 770 cm^–1 for acetyl fluoride-d₃, respectively, as well as the potential barriers to inversion in the S₁ states, which were found to be 2090 and 2370 cm^–1 for acetyl fluoride-h₃ and acetyl fluoride-d₃, respectively.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1957–1964, November, 1994.In conclusion, the authors would like to acknowledge T. S. Kuznetsova for the synthesis and purification of the AF samples.The research presented here was supported in part by the International Science Foundation under grant No. MJ 1000.     

Solid-phase synthesis of amidines by the reduction of amidoximes

Amidines can be prepared on a solid support by reducing polymer-bound amidoximes with SnCl₂·2H₂O. The method has proved to be straightforward and highly efficient. Amidoximes attached to the solid support are readily available by treating resin-bound nitriles with hydroxylamine.     

Baker''''s yeast mediated reduction of substituted acenaphthenequinones: Regio-and enantioselective preparation of mono-hydroxyacenaphthenones

Baker's yeast mediated reduction of acenaphthenequinone within 4-10 h afforded mono-hydroxyacenaphthenone mainly with low enantioselectivity, the substrate and mono-hydroxyacenaphthenone product almost converted to dihydroxyacenaphthene after 48 h. By control of the reaction time and in the presence of DMF as co-solvent, the reduction of 6-substituted acenaphthenequinones under vigorous agitation afforded the corresponding 2-hydroxyacenaphthenones in 24-84% yields with 10-93% ee.     

氮原子在Ni平坦和缺陷表面上的吸附和振动

 构造了氮－镍相互作用的5－参数Morse势，研究了氮原子在Ni（\r\n100），Ni（110）和Ni（111）平坦表面的吸附和振动，获得了氮原子\r\n在三个低指数表面的吸附位、吸附构型、结合能和本征振动等数据，计\r\n算结果与实验结果非常吻合．同时，与Ni（100）表面对比，系统研究\r\n了氮原子在Ni（510）台阶面的吸附和扩散．计算结果表明，氮原子在\r\n台阶下部形成最稳定的吸附态，台阶对下台面上扩散的氮原子形成捕获\r\n势，对上台面上扩散的氮原子形成反射势．     

Analysis of the Micropore Structure of Various Microporous Materials from Nitrogen Adsorption at 77 K

The micropore structure of four microporous materials (two zeolites, ZSM-5 and Y-82; an activated carbon and an alumina pillared clay) and their binary physical mixtures (50-50 wt%) have been examined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Various micropore sizes have been considered from the stages on the micropore filling mechanism in the microporous materials. The application of the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation to characterize and obtain the adsorption potential distributions of the microporous materials is presented.     

The adsorption of endothelin 1 to phospholipids is governed by electrostatic interactions: A monolayer and fluorescence study

In order to elucidate the influence on the lipidic environment on the recognition process of its membrane associated receptor, the interactions of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin 1 with various phospholipids have been investigated using different lipidic model membranes: monolayers at constant surface pressure, vesicles and micelles. A monolayer study of ET1 adsorbed onto the water surface has shown that the C-terminus of the peptide points towards the aqueous phase. Penetration measurements into lipidic monolayers indicate that ET1 adsorbs to phospholipids with an orientation similar to that of the air–water interface and fluorescence measurements are in agreement with such an orientation of the peptide. This adsorption is selective for neutral phospholipids and indicates that the nature of the phospholipid headgroups is of major importance for the approach of the membrane associated receptor.