电化学处理油田污水中微量H2O2的光谱分析

电化学去除污水COD是一种高效绿色快速的方法.在电化学法处理某油田含聚采油污水中,产生活性中间体H2O2能间接氧化去除COD;而电化学过程中产生的H2O2是很微量的,常规方法难以检测和准确定量,需要采用高灵敏度的测定方法检测H2O2,用以指导电化学处理工艺控制过程;而Ti(Ⅳ)与5-Br-PADAP(B)及H2O2在pH 1~1.5时能形成稳定的三元络合物Ti(Ⅳ)-B-H2O2,该三元显色体系在561 nm附近有明显的吸收峰,且H2O2浓度在0.2~10 μmol·L-1的范围内遵从Beer-Lambert Law,因此可建立起用分光光度法检测电化学法处理污水过程中微量活性中间体H2O2的方法.本文分别研究了5-Br-PADAP(B),Ti(Ⅳ)-B二元络合物,Ti(Ⅳ)-B-H2O2三元络合物体系的紫外光谱图,提出了测定微量H2O2的方法.该研究创新点在于: 通过紫外光谱图研究了影响Ti(Ⅳ)-B-H2O2三元络合物体系生成且稳定存在的因素是: 试剂加入顺序、pH值、无水乙醇用量、加热温度及时间、Ti(Ⅳ)-B配比及其用量等,进而确定了准确检测和定量微量H2O2的实验条件为: 体系pH 1.0~1.5,无水乙醇加量50%,在50 ℃水浴锅中加热20 min,Ti(Ⅳ)与B溶液按等摩尔比混合,药剂加入顺序为: H2O2溶液2 mL,无水乙醇3 mL,0.32 mol·L-1的HCL溶液1 mL,pH 1.5的缓冲溶液2 mL,Ti(Ⅳ)-B混合液2 mL,用0.32 mol·L-1的HCL溶液定容至刻线.该方法简便、快速、重现性好、费用低,灵敏度高,在电化学处理污水过程的实际检测中获得了满意效果.     

Gene Manipulation Based Selenium-containing Peptide Exhibiting Synergism of SOD and GPx

In this paper, we constructed a novel bifunctional superoxide dismutase（SOD）/glutathione peroxi- dase（GPx） mimic, a selenium-, copper-containing 35-mer peptide conjugate（Se-Cu-35P） in which a three-amino acid linker（（31y-Asn-Gly） connects the C-terminus of 17-mer polypeptide SOD mimic with the N-terminus of 15-mer po- lypeptide GPx mimic. The SOD and GPx activities of Se-Cu-35P are two orders of magnitude lower than those of natural SOD and GPx, respectively. It provides a GPx activity 56-fold higher than Ebselen（a well-known GPx mimic）. The glutathione（GSH） binding constant is 5.6× 10^2 L.mol 1. Se-Cu-35P synergistically resists against the inactivation by H202 and protects the mitochondria from oxidative damage in a dose dependent manner. These results highlight the challenge of generating an efficient SOD/GPx synergism mimic. It could facilitate the studies of the cooperation of GPx and SOD and could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ROS-mediated diseases,     

巯-烯点击反应在毛细管整体柱制备中的应用

毛细管整体柱由于具备高效的传质性能、分离性能以及灵活的可设计性,受到科研工作者的广泛关注。整体柱制备过程中,功能基团的引入是关键点之一。近年来研究者们将一种简单高效、定向性强的反应-“巯-烯点击反应”引入整体柱的制备中,由于含巯基、含烯键的配体和单体具有非常广泛的可选择性,因而使整体柱材料更加多样化。本文从整体柱的特征、分类及制备方法出发,阐述了传统整体柱制备方法的局限性以及引入巯-烯点击反应的优势。并且分别从两个方面重点综述了“巯-烯点击反应”在整体柱制备中的应用：即利用巯-烯点击反应对表面含烯键或者巯基的整体柱进行表面修饰以及基于巯-烯点击反应“一锅法”制备的杂化整体柱。最后展望了巯-烯点击反应在整体柱制备领域的发展前景。     

一种精确求解三原子反应散射的传播子

The exact short time propagator, in a form similar to the Crank-Nicholson method but in the spirit of spectrally transformed Hamiltonian, was proposed to solve the triatomic reactive time-dependent schrödinger equation. This new propagator is exact and unconditionally convergent for calculating reactive scattering processes with large time step sizes. In order to improve the computational efficiency, the spectral difference method was applied. This resulted the Hamiltonian with elements confined in a narrow diagonal band. In contrast to our previous theoretical work, the discrete variable representation was applied and resulted in full Hamiltonian matrix. As examples, the collision energy-dependent probability of the triatomic H+H₂ and O+O₂ reaction are calculated. The numerical results demonstrate that this new propagator is numerically accurate and capable of propagating the wave packet with large time steps. However, the efficiency and accuracy of this new propagator strongly depend on the mathematical method for solving the involved linear equations and the choice of preconditioner.     

苯乙烯基封端反应性等规聚丙烯的催化合成及其在构筑新型拓扑结构聚丙烯高分子中的应用

在具有高度等规定向能力的rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO催化体系所催化的丙烯聚合反应中,通过控制聚合条件,实现聚合物链选择性地向对双苯乙烯单体的链转移反应,合成出一种新的苯乙烯基封端的反应性等规聚丙烯.以这种苯乙烯基封端反应性聚丙烯为结构单元,构筑了两种拓扑结构(接枝和星型)的聚丙烯共聚物,一是在CpTiCl3/MAO催化下,与苯乙烯小分子进行配位聚合,合成了以间规聚苯乙烯为主链、等规聚丙烯为侧链的接枝共聚物(sPS-g-iPP);二是选择性地在链端苯乙烯基上进行氯化和取代反应,定量地将叠氮基团引入等规聚丙烯链端,再与多炔基偶合剂进行点击反应,合成了星型等规聚丙烯.     

铁卟啉与活性氮的相互作用

在活性氮(RNS)与蛋白质的相互作用过程中,含铁卟啉蛋白/铁卟啉可以催化RNS转化为惰性的NO3-,阻止蛋白质的硝化;同时,含铁卟啉蛋白/铁卟啉也可通过高价铁氧化物及.NO2的产生来加速蛋白质的硝化。生理条件下,血红蛋白、肌红蛋白等含铁卟啉蛋白可清除多余的RNS;氧化应激条件下,过氧化物酶等含铁卟啉蛋白可以不同的方式催化加速RNS对蛋白质的硝化。     

含氟抗菌单体的合成和抗菌口腔粘接材料的构建

将1-氯代十二烷与1-乙烯基咪唑进行季铵化反应制备咪唑盐单体, 用氟置换氯离子, 制得含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体, 利用氢核磁共振波谱对合成的中间产物及含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体进行表征. 将氟离子以有机氟的形式引入粘接系统中, 通过释氟试验和接触抗菌实验研究了含氟咪唑盐抗菌单体改性粘接剂的氟离子释放行为和粘接剂的抗菌性能. 同时, 利用粘接强度测试检测含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体改性对粘接剂粘接性能的影响. 研究结果表明, 所合成的含氟咪唑盐可聚合抗菌单体具有良好的抗菌作用, 能实现靶向防龋能力, 且添加到粘接系统中后不影响粘接剂的粘接性能, 具有潜在的临床价值.     

Significant Polar Comonomer Enchainment in Zirconium‐Catalyzed,Masking Reagent‐Free,Ethylene Copolymerizations

In principal, the direct copolymerization of ethylene with polar comonomers should be the most efficient means to introduce functional groups into conventional polyolefins but remains a formidable challenge. Despite the tremendous advances in group 4‐centered catalysis for olefin polymerization, successful examples of ethylene + polar monomer copolymerization are rare, especially without Lewis acidic masking reagents. Here we report that certain group 4 catalysts are very effective for ethylene + CH₂=CH(CH₂)_nNR₂ copolymerizations with activities up to 3400 Kg copolymer mol^?1‐Zr h^‐1 atm^‐1, and with comonomer enchainment up to 5.5 mol % in the absence of masking reagents. Group 4 catalyst‐amino‐olefin structure–activity‐selectivity relationships reflect the preference of olefin activation over free amine coordination, which is supported by mechanistic experiments and DFT analysis. These results illuminate poorly understood facets of d⁰ metal‐catalyzed polar olefin monomer copolymerization processes.     

Crossed Molecular Beams and Theoretical Studies of the O(3P)+1,2-Butadiene Reaction: Dominant Formation of Propene+CO and Ethylidene+Ketene Molecular Channels

Detailed understanding of the mechanism of the combustion relevant multichannel reactions of O(³P) with unsaturated hydrocarbons (UHs) requires the identification of all primary reaction products, the determination of their branching ratios and assessment of intersystem crossing (ISC) between triplet and singlet potential energy surfaces (PESs). This can be best achieved combining crossed-molecular-beam (CMB) experiments with universal, soft ionization, mass-spectrometric detection and time-of-flight analysis to high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations of triplet/singlet PESs and RRKM/Master Equation computations of branching ratios (BRs) including ISC. This approach has been recently demonstrated to be successful for O(³P) reactions with the simplest UHs (alkynes, alkenes, dienes) containing two or three carbon atoms. Here, we extend the combined CMB/theoretical approach to the next member in the diene series containing four C atoms, namely 1,2-butadiene (methylallene) to explore how product distributions, branching ratios and ISC vary with increasing molecular complexity going from O(³P))+propadiene to O(³P)+1,2-butadiene. In particular, we focus on the most important, dominant molecular channels, those forming propene+CO (with branching ratio ∽0.5) and ethylidene+ketene (with branching ratio ∽0.15), that lead to chain termination, to be contrasted to radical forming channels (branching ratio ∽0.35) which lead to chain propagation in combustion systems.     

可X射线显影的新型碘代聚碳酸酯的设计与合成

以丝氨醇、 4-碘苯甲酰氯和氯甲酸乙酯为原料, 通过酰胺化和分子内关环两步反应合成了一种新型的碘代环碳酸酯功能单体——4-碘-N-(2-氧代-1,3-二噁烷-5-基)苯甲酰胺(IBTMC). 以异戊醇为引发剂, 1,5,7-三叠氮双环(4.4.0)癸-5-烯(TBD)为催化剂, 使IBTMC与三亚甲基碳酸酯(TMC)进行开环共聚, 合成了一系列具有X射线不透过性的碘代聚碳酸酯材料, 并采用核磁共振氢谱( ¹H NMR)、 凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、 差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、 热重分析(TGA)和X射线计算机断层成像系统(Micro-CT)表征了其化学结构与组成、 分子量与分子量分布、 热力学性能及X射线不透过性. 研究结果表明, 本文合成的碘代聚碳酸酯具有较窄的分子量分布、 良好的热稳定性及可调的X射线不透过性. 小鼠体内埋置实验结果表明, 碘代聚碳酸酯具备体内X射线成像的能力.