Recent Advances in Real-Time Analysis of Electrochemical Reactions by Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry†

Electrochemical mass spectrometry (EC-MS) is a powerful tool to capture and analyze the intermediates and products during electrochemical reactions. This hyphenated technique combines electrochemistry with mass spectrometry using specific apparatuses, which helps researchers study mechanisms of redox reactions by in situ detecting chemical composition changes. Recently, various EC-MS methods have been applied in a series of electrochemical reactions to reveal the mechanisms, mainly in the areas of electrochemical sensors, organic electrochemistry, and electrocatalysis. In this review, we intend to summarize the recent advances in real-time analysis of different types of electrochemical reactions by EC-MS and offer an outlook on the perspectives in these areas.      

反应萃取法合成戊二醛中H3PMoxW12—xO40的催化作用

杂多酸Ｈ３ＰＭｏｘＷ１２－ｘＯ４０是通过其适宜的酸性,氧化性的双功能的配合催化,使Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化环戊烯为戊二醛,液－液相转移反应萃取氧化过程是杂多酸与相转移催化剂形成油溶性配合物,此配合物在相界面被Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化为过氧化杂多酸配合物,过氧化杂多酸配合物在有机相可能机理是Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化杂多酸为过氧化杂多酸。     

Biological activities from andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet.) and its biotechnological applications: A systematic review

Carapa guianensis is a tree from Meliaceae family traditionally known as andiroba that has a wide range of biological properties, including therapeutic effects, antioxidant activities, insecticidal and repellent effects that can be used in biotechnological approaches to medicine, agriculture, and cosmetic products. Therefore, we aim to explore the biological activities exhibited by this species and their respective biotechnological applications of interest. For this, a systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines dated from 1993 to 2022 through the Scopus, Web of Science and Agricultural Research Database (Base de Dados da Pesquisa Agropecuária - BDPA), screened for biological activity/bioactive compounds. A total of 129 studies were included in the PRISMA flow analysis. Biological properties and major bioactive compounds, as well as biotechnological approaches could be identified. The biological activity from C. guianensis could be observed in different vegetative parts through diverse methods of extractions. These activities are mainly due to the unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds, such as the limonoids and a small fraction of phenolic compounds. Gedunin-type limonoids, like gedunin and its derivatives, represent the class of compounds that show the highest bioactivities in different applications.