Synthesis of carbo- and heterobiaryls by intermolecular radical addition of aryl bromides onto aromatic solvents

Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS) and azabisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) promoted the intermolecular arylation of aryl and heteroaryl bromides onto aromatic solvents under thermal conditions via a radical pathway.     

Trifluoromethylthiolation of 1, 3- and 1, 4-Cyclohexadienes

Treatment of 1, 3-cyclohexadiene with CF 3 SCl at m 80°; furnishes 15 compounds. All but the two dimerized adducts arise from the free radical catalyzed addition of CF 3 S and Cl radicals to carbon-carbon double bonds. One dimerized product arises via dimerization of the substrate itself, while the other results from the cross-coupling of the substrate with the reaction product. The same reaction with 1, 4-cyclohexadiene gives 14 compounds. The mass spectral characterization of various compounds and their probable mechanism of formation are presented in this article.     

Organophotoredox‐Catalyzed Cascade Radical Annulation of 2‐(Allyloxy)arylaldehydes with N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides: Towards Alkylated Chroman‐4‐one Derivatives

An organophotoredox catalyzed efficient and robust approach for the synthesis of highly important 3‐alkyl substituted chroman‐4‐one scaffold is developed using visible light induced radical cascade cyclization strategy. The reaction is initiated through the generation of alkyl radicals from N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides under photoredox conditions, which subsequently undergo intermolecular cascade radical cyclization on 2‐(allyloxy)arylaldehydes to afford chroman‐4‐one scaffolds. The presented strategy is attractive with regard to mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope.     

Structure Investigations on 4‐Halo‐1,2,3,5‐dithiadiazolyl Radicals XCNSSN• (X = F,Cl, Br): The Shortest Intradimer S···S Distance in Dithiadiazolyl Dimers

Crystals of the 4‐halo‐1,2,3,5‐dithiadiazolyl radicals (X = F, Cl, Br) were obtained by sublimation at 80 °C and 10^?2 Torr, and the structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The fluoro derivative crystallizes as a cisoid dimer in the space group P2₁/n, whereas the chloro and bromo derivatives crystallize isomorphous as twisted dimers in the space group C2/c. The chloro and bromo derivatives show the shortest intradimer S···S contacts of all known 1,2,3,5‐dithiadiazolyl dimers. In addition the obtained structure of ClCN₂S₂^? represents the fifth polymorph of ClCN₂S₂^? characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The structures and the packing including secondary interactions are discussed.     

Radical cyclization of ynamides into six- or eight-membered rings. Application to the synthesis of a protoberberine analog

A straightforward formation of six- and eight-membered rings via the radical cyclization of specifically designed ynamides is reported. This strategy provides a protoberberine analog in only three steps by a radical cyclization cascade.     

信阳红、绿茶提取物的抗氧化能力

以信阳红、绿茶为原料,水和95％的乙醇为提取溶剂,考察提取物对羟自由基（·OH）和超氧阴离子自由基（·O2-）的清除作用.结果显示,两种溶剂红、绿茶提取物对两种自由基均有显著地清除作用,且红、绿茶水提取物对两种自由基的清除能力均高于乙醇提取物,两种溶剂红茶提取物对羟自由基（·OH）清除能力大于绿茶,绿茶乙醇提取物对超氧阴离子自由基（·O2-）清除能力大于红茶.     

液相隔膜辉光放电等离子体自由基发射光谱研究

为了更好了解液相隔膜辉光放电等离子体引发的化学反应机理,运用发射光谱法研究了稀硫酸溶液隔膜辉光放电等离子体产生的自由基,估算了电子温度与电子密度。结果表明：当电压超过700 V时,观察到了羟基自由基和氢原子的发射光谱;当电压超过750 V时,除了羟基自由基和氢原子外,还观察到了氧原子的发射光谱;这些自由基的发射强度随电压升高而升高;稀硫酸溶液隔膜辉光放电等离子体的平均电子温度与平均电子密度分别为1.3×104 K与7.8×1017 cm-3。     

Sono-photo-degradation of carbamazepine in a thin falling film reactor: Operation costs in pilot plant

The photo-Fenton degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) assisted with ultrasound radiation (US/UV/H₂O₂/Fe) was tested in a lab thin film reactor allowing high TOC removals (89% in 35 min). The synergism between the UV process and the sonolytic one was quantified as 55.2%.To test the applicability of this reactor for industrial purposes, the sono-photo-degradation of CBZ was also tested in a thin film pilot plant reactor and compared with a 28 L UV-C conventional pilot plant and with a solar Collector Parabolic Compound (CPC). At a pilot plant scale, a US/UV/H₂O₂/Fe process reaching 60% of mineralization would cost 2.1 and 3.8 €/m³ for the conventional and thin film plant respectively. The use of ultrasound (US) produces an extra generation of hydroxyl radicals, thus increasing the mineralization rate.In the solar process, electric consumption accounts for a maximum of 33% of total costs. Thus, for a TOC removal of 80%, the cost of this treatment is about 1.36 €/m³. However, the efficiency of the solar installation decreases in cloudy days and cannot be used during night, so that a limited flow rate can be treated.     

Cerium(IV) based oxidative free radical cyclization of active methylene compounds with some cyclic alkenes: A useful annulation method for terpene functionalization

Ceric ammonium nitrate-mediated oxidative cyclizations of CH-acids with terpenes and terpene like substrates were investigated. Dimedone, acetylacetone, and methyl nitroacetate were condensed with pinene, norbornene, nopol, camphene, and carvone and the reaction stereoselectivity was examined. Condensation with endocyclic double bonds in pinene and nopol displayed stereoselectivity, resulting in the formation of pure enantiomers. Condensation with exocyclic double bonds in camphene and carvone produced enantiomer mixtures. The mechanism of the intramolecular annulation in a nopol derivative is discussed with the help of DFT and ab initio calculations.     

Modulating spin delocalization in conjugated nitroxides: 2-(N-aminoxyl-N-tert-butyl)-benzothiazole

The first controlled synthesis of the title radical, 1, was achieved by oxidation of a hydroxylamine precursor; the radical itself can thus readily be isolated, studied by ESR and UV-vis, and compared to results of computational modeling. The benzothiazole ring induces substantial delocalization of the nitroxide spin density (a(NO) = 9.2 G, a(ring N) = 2.7 G, about 10% more than is seen in the benzimidazole nitroxide analog.