Semantics and pragmatics of fuzzy sets and systems

A philosophical formalism of a new methodological aspect of humanistic systems design and evaluation is given. A requisite concept of context-dependency is highlighted, and some approaches to fuzzy sets and linguistics subsequently extended. It is consequently shown that a mathematical theory of pragmatic fuzzy subsets is not only conceptually possible but practically implementable in man-machine studies as well. Thus, the important context-dependent implication of the subjective nature of Zadeh's theory of fuzzy sets can be better exploited.As a pragmatic theory, the approach here is a seeming connection between pragmatism and ontology, concepts that are traditionally diametrically opposed to each other. The attitude adopted has been the equation of pragmatism and psychophysical measurements of ontological objects (noumena). Pragmatism is tacitly defined as a form of empiricism whereby linguistic constructs (i.e., linguistic-variable denotions) that represent any aspect(s) of a humanistic system are nothing more than an operational procedure used to achieve psychophysical measurements of the aspect(s). In this fashion, pragmatism would enable the contents of assertions, which are made through declarative propositions, about humanistic systems to be deciphered within relevant contexts. For pragmatism, direct sense experience provides both the meaning and the criterion of reality judgements. The context-dependent nature of the physical reality of ontological entities is, therefore, better understood pragmatically vis-a-vis the appropriate evaluative criteria and interpretative conventions.By emphasizing the distinction between a fuzzy system (naturally fuzzified) and a fuzzified mathematical structure (meta-mathematically fuzzified), the use of the standard fuzzy topologies is justified although it is conceptually possible to develop a yet more general topology or perhaps an alternative one especially in the case of a meta-mathematically fuzzified structure. However, for the express purpose of machine implementation, a naturally fuzzified system, such as a (complex) humanistic system, is more amenable to an initial test of the philosophy of pragmatic fuzzy subsets. Consequently, the fuzzy topology and spaces employed are intended to be devoid of extensive generalities, in this instance.     

Critical comparison of evaluation methods of potentiometric titration data using a microcomputer-controlled automatic potentiometric titration system

A microcomputer-controlled automatic potentiometric titrator withP controlled intelligent auto-sampler has been built for serial analysis. Controlling and evaluating programs have also been written. In order to use the most powerful evaluating method, a comparison was made between the methods. The data of the titration curves were obtained by the implicit relation characterizing the curve. The different evaluating methods were tested by using these data. The effects of random errors stemming from measurements were also investigated. The methods used were: two point differentiating formula, differentiation of interpolating and smoothing spline functions, the Gran method, and implicit regression with the Gauss-Newton-Marquardt method. Regression is outstanding among the methods, but it needs much more computing time compared with others. The second-best method is the differentiation with smoothing spline function with end point determination based on finding the sign reversal of the second derivative. This method is much faster than regression.     

项目经理考核的模糊综合评判法

本运用模糊数学的理论，对项目经理素质进行分类，设置权重，并采用模糊综合评判法对项目经理的表现做出综合评判，力求提出一种比较科学完善的，可以定量分析的考核方法。     

基于熵的科技投融资的绩效评价

基于熵的评价机理，评价分析我国近几年来的科技投融资政策绩效。分析结果：①科技投融资绩效具有显的持续性；②1998—2000年我国科技投融资绩效在逐年提高。     

作战方案评估智能决策支持系统研究

作战决策是作战指挥的核心，作战指挥智能决策支持系统（IDSS）是用于辅助指挥员进行作战决策的计算机软件。它是指挥自动化的重要组成部分。本通过研究作战方案评估IDSS，探讨了作战指挥IDSS的结构及功能。     

Impact of Bursty Traffic on Queues

The impact of bursty traffic on queues is investigated in this paper. We consider a discrete-time single server queue with an infinite storage room, that releases customers at the constant rate of c customers/slot. The queue is fed by an M/G/∞ process. The M/G/∞ process can be seen as a process resulting from the superposition of infinitely many ‘sessions’: sessions become active according to a Poisson process; a station stays active for a random time, with probability distribution G, after which it becomes inactive. The number of customers entering the queue in the time-interval [t, t + 1) is then defined as the number of active sessions at time t (t = 0,1, ...) or, equivalently, as the number of busy servers at time t in an M/G/∞ queue, thereby explaining the terminology. The M/G/∞ process enjoys several attractive features: First, it can display various forms of dependencies, the extent of which being governed by the service time distribution G. The heavier the tail of G, the more bursty the M/G/∞ process. Second, this process arises naturally in teletraffic as the limiting case for the aggregation of on/off sources [27]. Third, it has been shown to be a good model for various types of network traffic, including telnet/ftp connections [37] and variable-bit-rate (VBR) video traffic [24]. Last but not least, it is amenable to queueing analysis due to its very strong structural properties. In this paper, we compute an asymptotic lower bound for the tail distribution of the queue length. This bound suggests that the queueing delays will dramatically increase as the burstiness of the M/G/∞ input process increases. More specifically, if the tail of G is heavy, implying a bursty input process, then the tail of the queue length will also be heavy. This result is in sharp contrast with the exponential decay rate of the tail distribution of the queue length in presence of ‘non-bursty’ traffic (e.g. Poisson-like traffic). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

线性加权评价与聚类分析理论及应用

针对当前大学生综合素质评价方法的弊端进行简单的探讨，提出了线性加权法和聚类分析法两种评价方法，并通过实例说明这两种方法的可行性，得到的结果也符合实际情况．     

ICP-MS法测定山绿茶降压胶囊无机元素及其质量评价

目的建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定不同批次山绿茶降压胶囊内容物中无机元素的含量,从无机元素角度探讨山绿茶降压胶囊的质量控制方法。方法采用微波消解处理山绿茶降压胶囊内容物样品,用ICP-MS对样品中多种无机元素进行全定量测定。结果测定10个不同批次山绿茶降压胶囊内容物的22种无机元素,其中K、Mg、Ca、Zn等元素含量较高,且与药效相关性较强,Cu、As、Hg、Pb、Cd全部符合标准要求。结论本法灵敏度高,专属性好,适用于山绿茶降压胶囊内容物中无机元素测定,为山绿茶降压胶囊内容物重金属含有量及用药提供依据。     

通用测试设备验证评估系统设计

部队现有通用测试设备均按照相关标准研制设计,贯标的程度对检测结果产生很大影响,为验证通用测试设备执行标准的规范程度,设计了一套验证评估系统,该评估系统具备体积小、资源广、易操作等特点,可以从仪器级、系统级、软件级三个层次对通用测试设备进行评估验证。应用结果表明,该评估系统很好的对测试设备的贯标程度进行了量化评价,在部队测试设备的标准化程度检验上具有一定的实用性和推广性。     

PHM技术国内外发展情况综述

随着现代武器装备复杂化、综合化、智能化程度的不断提高,传统的故障诊断技术难以适应新的需求。为了满足信息化战争对武器装备作战效能和快捷、精准、持续保障的要求,20世纪90年代中期,PHM(故障预测与健康管理)技术应运而生。从发展概况、应用成效、PHM验证评价、典型案例分析以及发展规划5个方面总结了国外PHM技术发展的应用成效;并对国内PHM技术的基础理论、工程技术与应用方面的发展状况进行了总结;通过对比国内外PHM技术的发展应用现状,总结分析了目前国内PHM技术发展现状与国外先进水平之间的差距以及未来发展的借鉴启示。