Quantitative evaluation on oil diffusion mechanisms in nano‐organic‐montmorillonite modified caster oil‐based polyurethane foam for oil/water separation

To improve the oil absorbency of caster oil‐based polyurethane foam, nano‐organic‐montmorillonite (OMMT) was used for the additives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oil diffusion mechanism and dispersion uniformity of OMMT modified caster oil‐based polyurethane (MPU) using experiments and molecular dynamic simulation. Molecule movement and molecule trajectory of oil was investigated by molecular dynamic simulation and numerical simulation. According to the quantitative analyzing results, the diffusion model was put forward. The average diffusion coefficient of crude oil in 0, 1, 2 wt%, 4, and 6 wt% MPU is 2.4 × 10^?4 cm²/s, 2.6 × 10^?4 cm²/s, 3.0 × 10^?4 cm²/s, 3.2 × 10^?4 cm²/s, and 3.3 × 10^?4 cm²/s, respectively. It indicated that crude oil appeared gradient in the MPU. The optimal diffusion direction of crude oil is (0, 0, 1) crystal face, and the small particles of crude oil are easy to be adsorbed. The two‐dimensional diffusion trajectory of crude oil is nonlinear. The diffusion model includes the diffusion of crude oil at the interface of oil and polyurethane, surface diffusion and pore diffusion, and pore adsorption. Furthermore, the diffusion model showed that the van der Waals force was the main reason for crude oil diffusion or adsorption. OMMT could improve the ability of oil/water separation of polyurethane.     

Evaluation of an Element-Tagged Duplex Immunoassay Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Detection: A Further Study for the Application of the New Assay in Clinical Laboratory

Background: Element-tagged immunoassay coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection has the potential to revolutionize immunoassay analysis for multiplex detection. However, a further study referring to the standard evaluation and clinical sample verification is needed to ensure its reliability for simultaneous analysis in clinical laboratories. Methods: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) were chosen for the duplex immunoassay. The performance of the assay was evaluated according to guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Moreover, reference intervals (RIs) of CEA and AFP were established. At last, 329 clinical samples were analyzed by the proposed method and results were compared with those obtained with electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) method. Results: The measurement range of the assay was 2–940 ng/mL for CEA and 1.5–1000 ng/mL for AFP, with a detection limit of 0.94 ng/mL and 0.34 ng/mL, respectively. The inter-assay and intra-assay imprecision were all less than 6.58% and 10.62%, respectively. The RI of CEA and AFP was 0–3.84 ng/mL and 0–9.94 ng/mL, respectively. Regarding to clinical sample detection, no significant difference was observed between the proposed duplex assay and the ECLIA method. Conclusions: The ICP-MS-based duplex immunoassay was successfully developed and the analytical performance fully proved clinical applicability. Well, this could be different with other analytes.     

基于泰勒展开的二阶层次分析法初探

经典AHP常用于武器装备效能或能力评估,然而经典AHP采用线性加权模型,即通过底层指标效能线性加权得到顶层指标效能,对非线性体系往往会引入较大评估误差,易产生决策性错误。为解决这一问题,本文以底层指标效能值等于1/2为展开点,给出基于泰勒展开的二阶加权模型,对线性体系,二阶加权模型可退化为经典线性加权模型;推导出二阶AHP的数学表达式,给出二阶AHP效能评估步骤,构建二阶AHP的基本框架。算例表明,二阶AHP评估结果相比经典AHP更接近于解析解,产生决策性错误的机率远小于经典AHP。     

Interlaboratory Study to Improve the Quality Control of Methylmercury Determination in Sediment

The results are presented of an interlaboratory study on methylmercury (MeHg) in sediment carried out by a group of European laboratories within the framework of a project managed by the EC Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme (formerly BCR). The aim of this exercise was to evaluate the performance of current methods used for MeHg determination in sediment in order to improve the state-of-the-art prior to the certification of a candidate reference material. The paper describes the organization of the interlaboratory study, the preparation of the sediment material used, the techniques evaluated and the results obtained by the participating laboratories. The outcome of the collaborative project showed that certification could be contemplated, providing that certain analytical techniques were optimized, especially with regard to extraction methods.     

Shifting of gas chromatographic retention times due to solvent effects — a study using sulfur chemiluminescence detection

Gas chromatrography (GC) with sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) is an outstanding combination for selectively determining trace concentrations of sulfur compounds in hydrocarbon samples. GC peaks can be identified by retention times when reproducible, automated injection techniques are used. However, as described in this work, analysts should be on the look out for retention shifting due to solvent effects from sample components. Three examples of retention shifting are presented: (1) thiophene by benzene; (2) methylthiophenes by toluene; and (3) dibenzothiophene by gas oil. Depending on samples and analysis conditions, retention shifts from a few hundredths to 1.5 min have been observed. Such retention shifts are likely to cause errors in peak identifications. Therefore, when using SCD, simultaneous FID monitoring is recommended as an aid in evaluating chromatograms for possible retention shifting due to solvent effects.     

基于模糊综合评判的大学数学考核方式改革

独立高校数学课程的开设旨在让学生掌握数学知识的基础上,提高数学应用能力.然而现行的考核方式存在重考试结果,轻学习过程等问题.从传统考核方式入手,指出其不足之处,基于模糊综合评判法建立新型评价体系和数学模型,通过试点运行验证了新的考核方式的可行性、客观性、合理性和科学性.     

聚氯化铝中氧化铝含量的测量不确定度评定

对GB15892-2003测定聚氯化铝中氧化铝含量的测量不确定度进行评定。通过对样品测定过程中影响测量不确定度的因素进行分析和量化,求得聚氯化铝中氧化铝含量测量结果的合成相对标准不确定度为0.0025。     

湄洲湾海域环境质量评价

根据湄洲湾海域2005年丰、平、枯三个水期的海水监测及2005年9月的湄洲湾表层沉积物监测数据对湄洲湾的环境质量进行评价。结果显示,湄洲湾海域水质综合指数(WQI)全年平均为0.69,除了F1站位枯水期为1.04,轻度污染,其余的均小于1.0,全年综合评价为清洁,但受气候及水文条件的影响,丰水期和枯水期有两个站位呈富营养化状态;表层沉积物综合质量指标平均值为0.52,综合评价为清洁,但铜、砷、镉的单因子污染指数平均值介于0.5~1.0之间,说明表层沉积物已被这三个因子玷污。     

气相色谱法测定汽油中苯含量不确定度的评定

通过分析气相色谱法测定汽油中苯含量的操作流程对汽油中的苯含量测量结果的不确定度进行了评定,不确定度主要来源于相对定量校正因子、样品中添加内标物丁酮的体积、样品的体积、样品中苯与内标物丁酮面积的平均值之比、标准物质苯的纯度等参数引入的不确定度。其中相对校正因子引入的不确定度最大。当汽油样品中苯的体积分数为0.57%时,苯含量的扩展不确定度为0.02%(k=2)。     

X射线衍射法在泌尿系结石研究中的应用

泌尿系结石是一种世界范围的常见病、多发病。准确分析尿石的化学成分和物相,有助于了解泌尿系结石的形成机制。X射线衍射法(XRD)是进行泌尿系结石研究的最重要方法之一,用作定性分析时具有可靠性,用作定量分析时具有准确性,且检测简便迅速、灵敏度高、多组分和多晶态可一次性检测。文章综述了XRD在泌尿系结石定性和定量分析中的应用以及XRD与质子激发X射线发射光谱(PIXE)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等联合分析尿石的研究进展。