BaGdB~9O~16中Dy^3+的发光和Ce^3+, Gd^3+驿Dy^3+的能量传递

我们研究了在紫外光(UV)激发下, Dy^3+单掺杂和Ce^3+, Dy^3+共掺杂的BaGdB~9O~16的发射光谱、激发光谱及发光强度随组成变化的规律性, 发现Ce^3+,Gd^3+均对Dy^3+的发光起敏化作用。Ce^3+吸收的能量大部分直接传递给Dy^3+, 小部分以Ce^3+→Gd^3+→(Gd^3+)~n→Dy^3+形式传递给Dy^3+。Ce^3+→Dy^3+能量传递和Dy^3+自身浓度猝灭机理分别为电偶极-电偶极和电偶极-电四级相互作用。     

MISCIBILITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF THIN FILMS OF BLENDS OF POLYSTYRENE WITH BROMINATED POLYSTYRENES： EFFECTS OF VARYING THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT, BROMINATION DEGREE AND ANNEALING

Thin films of incompatible polymer blends can form a variety of structures during preparation and subsequent annealing process. For the polymer blend system consisting of polystyrene and poIy(styrene-co-p-bromo-styrene), i.e., PS/PBrxS, its compatibility could be adjusted by varying the degree of bromination and the molecular weight of both components comprised, in this paper, surface chemical compositions of the cast and the annealing films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement; meanwhile, surface topographical changes are followed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, substantial attention was paid to the effect of annealing on the morphologic variations induced by phase separation and/or dewetting of the thin film. Moreover, the influences of the molecular weight, Aw, as well as the brominated degree, x%, on the sample surface are explored systematically, and the corresponding observations are explained in virtue of the Flory-Huggins theory, along with the dewetting of the polymer thin film.     

生物抗氧化剂作用的微环境效应和协同效应

简要总结了作者研究组过去15年中在国家自然科学基金委员会资助下在生物抗氧化剂作用的机理、微环境效应及协同作用方面的研究工作。     

Proposal of refined interface models and their application for free-edge effect

Two interface models based on physical considerations are proposed to analyze the freeedge effects in unidirectional multilayered composites. The first model is a transition behavior law describing the graded properties of the interlayer between two adjacent layers. It is defined according to the stacking direction and based on a microscopic analysis of the fiber distribution in the vicinity of the interlayer. Used in a numerical simulation, this model gives accurate stress distributions in the laminate, including the interlaminar stresses at the free-edge that are not singular. The second model utilizes an interface law, defined on the material surface, resulting from the asymptotic resolution of an elastic problem pertaining to the interlayer and simulating a very thin flexible layer. This model also gives no singular free-edge interlaminar stresses close to those obtained with the first model.     

CH(A^2△和B^2∑^-)和醇类分子碰撞过程动力学研究

本文报道用四倍频YAG激光(266nm)光解CHBr3产生电子激发态CH(A,B)自由基和测量自发辐射CH(A,B→X)的时间分辨信号的方法测定了室温(290K)下CH(A,B)被醇类分子(乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异戊醇和叔戊醇)猝灭的速率常数, 实验测定的CH(A)和CH(B)猝灭速率常数k~q^A和k~q^B(单位为10^-^1^0cm^3.molecule^-^1.s^-^1)值如下(误差为线性拟合的标准偏差):此外, 还从碰撞配合物模型出发, 就醇分子中OH基对猝灭速率常数的影响作了讨论。     

(CX~3)~2CO,CF~3COX和CXCl~3(X=H或D)对CH(A,B)自由基的猝灭

本文报道室温下用266nm激光光解-荧光猝灭方法测定CH~3COCH~3,CD~3COCD~3,CF~3CO~2H,CF~3CO~2D,CHCl~3和CDCl~3分子猝灭电子激发态CH(A,B) 自由基的速率常数,考察了含不同同位素原子的猝灭剂分子对CH(A,B)猝灭的同位素效应. 实验发现,含D的分子比相应含H的分子对CH(A,B)的猝灭具有更大的速率常数     

聚电解质对离子型染料形成激基缔合物和能量传递的增强作用

在水溶液中聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(Napss)可以增加离子型染料吖啶橙和吡红的局部浓度,从而显著地促进吖啶橙形成激基缔合物,增大吖啶橙-吡红能量传递效率.在10^-^4mol.dm^-^3Napss存在下,形成吖啶橙激基缔合物的速率常数比Napps不存在时增大两个数量级,而离解常数小一个数量级.表明在聚电解质存在下,两个吖啶橙分子在基态时相互靠近处于液基缔合物的构型.加入小分子电解质可阻止染料形成激基缔合物.     

金属酞菁敏化光还原硝基化合物的反应

本文研究了各种金属酞菁以及带有不同取代基的锌酞菁敏化光还原硝基化合物的反应。确定了光敏还原反应的主要产物是氨基和羟氨基化合物;羟氨基化合物与亚硝基化合物通过暗反应缩合生成偶氮N-氧化物。测定了它们的氧化还原电位和荧光量子产率。从敏化光还原反应的量子产率及荧光猝灭与硝基化合物浓度的依赖关系,计算出各种金属酞菁激发单重态与三重态的敏化效率。受激发金属酞菁将电子转移至硝基化合物是敏化光还原反应的起始过程。电子转移生成离子自由基对后,电荷分离与逆电子转移过程相互竞争。由于自旋选择规则的限制,激发三重态的敏化效率一般比激发单重态的敏化效率高。为了提高敏化光还原反应的效率,除选择三重态产率较高的敏化剂外,改变敏化剂的结构可提高敏化剂激发单重态的敏化效率,从而提高敏化光还原反应的量子产率.     

关于分子介质中三重态正子素(O-Ps)寿命 τ3的探讨

本文对o-Ps的寿命τ_3进行了探讨,认为介质的体积因素和介电性质是影响τ_3的主要因素,但也不应忽视介质分子对o-Ps的化学猝灭作用和正电子云团中活性自由基对o-Ps的顺磁猝灭作用的影响。提出了估计τ_3的半经验式。通过τ_3计算值与实验值的比较,作出某些有关介质的化学性质和正电子对介质的辐射效应等方面的预言.     

用分子束研究.F(^2P)与CH3F和CH3Cl的化学反应

近年来, 我们在研究含氟烯烃和烷烃的红外激光诱导氧化和氯化反应的基础上, 深入研究了红外激光诱导卤代烷烃的脱卤化氢并生成: CF2卡宾和:CFCF3卡宾的反应[1-4]以往的研究往往是根据反应产物推论反应机理, 认为在反应过程中存在着卡宾中间体,但在实验中未能直接检测到. Kakimoto[5,6]曾报道过在流动体系中测到了.F+CH3F和.F+CH3Cl反应中:CHF和:CHCl的激光荧光激发谱, 但没有讨论卡宾形成的机理.Hirota[7]在讨论.F+CH3F反应时, 认为:CHF可能由攫氢过程产生而对于.F+CH3Cl反应同时生成:CHF和:CHCl未做说明. 本实验中用扩散分子束代替了流动反应体系, 从而大大减少了产物和反应物气体分子间的猝灭过程, 获得了信噪比大而清晰的图谱, 由此确证了:CHF和:CHCl的存在, 说明了.F+CH3Cl反应中自由基攫氢过程和偶合反应过程共存的反应历程. 这一结论对红外激光诱导一碳卤代宾化学反应机理研究有重要参考意义.